If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Population Policy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Population Policy paper right on time.
Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Population Policy, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Population Policy paper at affordable prices!
Table of Contents
1.0Synopsis
.0Inroduction
.0Australia Population
Buy cheap Population Policy term paper
.1History of Australia's population development
.History of Australia's population policies
.Current Trend in Australia's population highlighting significant issues for consideration
.4Issues to consider in determining an optimum population for Australia
4.0Recommendations
4.1Recommendations for an optimum population for Australia
4.Recommendations for Government policy to achieve the optimum population
5.0Conclusions
6.0Bibliography
1.0Synopsis
The statistical data shows that the Australian population is growing at a more rapid rate then our recourses can provide for. Immigration and the fertility rate are the most important factors, which influence the increase of Australia's population. Even thought the government is trying to regulate the population growth by introducing a population policy, population projection estimates more then 5 million by the year 050. The current state of Australia's natural resources do not seem sufficient for a population growth of this size.
.0Introduction
The objective of a population policy is to stabilize human population numbers both
nationally and internationally. Australia's capacity to sustain a large population is limited because the continent is largely arid with old, nutrient-poor soils and a variable climate. Only six per cent of the continent is arable. Australians have one of the highest consumption rates and their greenhouse gas emissions per capita are the highest in the world. A smaller population would neutralize many of these problems making Australia sustainable for many generations to come.
.0Australia's Population
.1History of Australia's population development.
In the 1850's during the period of British colonization Australia had a white population of 405 000. It has been estimated that at the time of the first settlement was between 150 00 thousand. The population declined because of the lack of resistance to the diseases of the white man, disruption of the aboriginal way of life and government indifference to the aboriginals.
According to the 171 census the population was 1,78,500 including aboriginals. White people mostly lived in urban settlements around the capital cities.
On August 5 00 australias population was projected at 1,18,45
.History of Australia's population policies
Population counts began in the earliest days of the colonies of New South Wales, Western Australia and Tasmania when regular musters were held. Since 1881 the practice of a common Census date has been adopted and by 101 the colonies had agreed on uniform questions for a national Census. Migration to and from Australia was recorded from the earliest days of convict transport and settlement but the country of birth of arrivals was not available nationally until October 145.
Early Australian policy for at least the first six decades of the 0th Century, was to increase the British and British-descended population. This caused deliberate extermination, of the Aboriginal population It was widely believed that the Aboriginal population would eventually disappear, though this was not usually stated in as many words. The various Australian colonies had imposed restrictions on non-European immigration. Upon Federation in 101, one of the first actions of the new Commonwealth Government was to pass the Immigration Restriction Act, and the White Australia Policy which stayed active for the first 70 years of this century.
The National Population Inquiry was prepared in 175. It stated that the broad spectrum of government policies in any country is designed to serve the existing and anticipated population, and should not be considered population policy. The National Population Inquiry report of 175 noted that a population policy is as broad as government policy at large.
The Population Issues Committee of the National Population Council in 11 stated that
"A population policy is one whereby government seeks to anticipate and respond to population trends and prospects in the light of their impacts and anticipates impacts of public policy on population trends themselves. It also directly seeks to influence the determinants of population in order to deliberately alter the size and/or nature of the population".
The report made it clear that population policy could embrace not only population numbers and growth but also its distribution and characteristics.
Australian Population and Immigration Council, 177 argued that Australia did have a population policy from the early postwar years until the Whitlam government abolished it in the early 170s the per cent target for population growth, which envisaged that immigration and natural increase would each contribute about half the annual growth rate.
Since the abolition of the per cent goal in the early 170s, Australia has been in the curious situation of having an official immigration policy. Since the mid-170s, Australias immigration targets have implied acceptance of an increasing population size, but without specifying just how rapidly that size should be increasing.
The Population Issues Committee was established to prepare Australias submission to the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo in 14 discussed issues of population policy. Despite some members strong arguments for Australias adoption of a population policy, the official position, stated in the submission, that the Australian Government has not specified an optimal population level. They believed that there was no clear formula for a workable population policy in a developed country with low fertility
.Current Trends in Australia's population highlighting significant issues for consideration.
On 7 August 00 the resident population of Australia is projected to be 1,1,547.
TOTAL POPULATION Observed and projected - Australia
Throughout the 10s, Australias annual population growth rate has consistently exceeded 1%. This growth rates are projected to continue for about the next 10 years. It was estimated that these will decline between 0.4 and -0.6% by 051.
Fertility and overseas migration are the two factors which have the greatest impact on future national population size and growth.
There was ,500 permanent arrivals to Australia during June 00, an increase of 16% (or 1,00 people) compared to June 00. Settlers born in the United Kingdom (15%) accounted for the largest proportion of permanent arrivals for June 00. The second largest proportion of Settlers were born in New Zealand (10%).
If level of net overseas migration keep increasing over the projection period, with a total fertility rate of 1.6 babies per woman, it would add 67,500 to Australias population in 051 and 11,00 in 101.
Another factor that significantly influences Australian population growth is ageing. According to latest statistics the number of persons aged 15-64 years has increased by %, and the number of persons aged 65 years and over has increased by 66%.
The older population comprises a diverse cultural mix. In 18, % of all older Australians had been born overseas.
.4Issues to consider in determining an optimum population for Australia
It was estimated that the population scenarios for 050 will be 5 million. This estimate is made by using the impact of environmental issues on population growth.
Four main environmental issues are considered to have a strong connection to population growth the pollution of land and groundwater basins, the pollution of coastal waters and waterways near major urban areas, the depletion of freshwater stocks near major urban areas and the pollution of urban air sheds. These issues are clearly worsened by population growth because more people would increase both consumption and waste production.
Other issues include the depletion of arable land, natural habitats, the ozone layer, amenity and various resources, the greenhouse effect, and the alteration/pollution of waterways near urban centres.
4.0Recommendations
4.1Recommendations for an optimum population for Australia
To achieve an optimum population in Australia it is important to
·determine what is an optimal population, which can be sustained in the long-term without degrading the natural resource base, noting that recent studies have shown that the Earth has already exceeded its regenerative capacity by at least 0 per cent
·Keep in mind that Australia has only a limited capacity to alleviate the social, economic or political problems of more populous countries through immigration, but can and should do more to help others through increased and better directed foreign ai
4. Recommendations for Government to achieve the optimum population
It was recommended that the Federal Government
·implements an integrated population policy that is based on environmental sustainability and encompasses immigrant intake, natural increase, biodiversity protection, aspirations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, tourism, foreign aid, internal migration, and education.
·establishes and funds an Institute of Population Research that will address all environmental, social and economic aspects of population policy
·maintains non-discriminatory immigration to Australia but at significantly lower levels than at present, with most of the costs of the non-humanitarian program being met by the migrants themselves or by those with a vested interest in such migration
·gives higher priority to the Humanitarian Program within this overall reduced migration program, focusing on those who cannot be supported by direct aid in their own countries or in countries of refuge, and on environmental refugees, such as those from South Pacific islands most at risk of inundation from global warming
·adopts an integrated population, training and labor market strategy
·ensures that Australia's educational and training institutions provide all the skills needed for the functioning of the economy and for the welfare of its citizens to minimize the need to import skilled workers
·adopts social and taxation policies (e.g. maternity allowances) that allow couples to provide adequately for their children but at the same time discourages them from having more than two children
·through taxation and housing policies, ameliorates the present situation where land speculators reap excessive profits from population growth
·ensures that the family planning component within ODA is at least 4 per cent, and that greater priority is given to other measures that reduce the birth rate, particularly primary health care and education of women
·maintains measures to deter illegal immigrants who are unlikely to be accepted as refugees under international law or who are pre-empting official channels for gaining refugee status, where such channels exist and can be seen to be fully functional
·supports humane, rapid and equitable treatment of asylum seekers
·takes steps to reduce our national economic dependence on tourism recognizing its vulnerability to rises in the world price of oil and the pollution caused by air and road travel
·adopts a consumption strategy that will encourage lower levels of resource and energy use while retaining a reasonable material standard of living
·provides incentives for energy efficiency to reduce Australia's total greenhouse gas emissions and thus its ecological footprint
·ensures that sex education programs in Australia are adequately funded and that a wide variety of contraceptive measures are available and affordable to all who need them
·promotes the education of children about ecological footprints
·counts New Zealanders in the overall Migration Program.
5.0 Conclusion
The current Australian population is over 1 million. . Australia's capacity to sustain a large population is limited because the continent is largely arid with old, nutrient-poor soils and a variable climate. Australia had a few attempts to regulate its population through the development of a population policy.
For the benefit of the future Australia it is necessary to keep in account the natural resources such as oil, lumber, water and nutrient rich soils and not exploit these ever decreasing resources by overpopulating. By reaching an optimum population the natural non-renewable recourses will be left to support the population in many generations to come.
Please note that this sample paper on Population Policy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Population Policy, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Population Policy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.
Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!
