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"The Conflict of Equal Rights and Responsibility"
One of the most controversial issues of all history is the question of equal rights. Many have pondered the problem, giving these thoughts the privilege to pour through their minds and not cease over the past decades. Although the point of equal rights is to make everyone equal and through this bring them to peace, it has often had the effect of dividing many on the issue. Some say you can go too far with equal rights. Others comment that equal rights should be practiced to an extreme in every nation. Whichever side people take, it is continually a debate that has run through many political arguments, newspaper articles, and even literature. In fact, the film Babe, created as a children's movie, has a strong theme in support of equal rights. However, a well-known novel, Animal Farm, clearly takes an opposite stand to the matter, showing how equal rights can actually lead back to segregation. The director of Babe, Chris Noonan, and the author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, symbolically use animals to get their points across. Between the two, equal rights and responsibility for all animals are defended in two contrary ways through the use of foreshadow, symbolism, and irony.
Before deeply going into why each work supports what it does, it must be known precisely what they support. The film Babe strongly upholds the position of equal rights by using a relationship between a farmer and a pig. Noonan clearly defines his place that equal rights can bring people, as well as animals, together. Animal Farm takes the opposite approach. Instead it does not support equal rights, but strongly opposes the extreme use of it. By doing this he points out that a predominance of equal rights may lead to communistic ideas. He also warns that this will produce a discriminated view.
First of all, in both of these works, the contrary views on equal rights can be seen through the use of foreshadow. As for Babe, little hints here and there can be observed to find a foreboding of what will happen in the story. In the beginning of the movie, the farmer first meets the pig at an auction. It is here that the first foreshadow is seen when the farmer says, "'That'll do, pig,'" and the narrator concludes, "The pig and the farmer regarded each other, and for a fleeting moment, something passed between them, a faint sense of some common destiny," (Noonan). Although the end of the story has not yet been revealed, the thought that something will happen in the future between them still lingers there. In fact, something very important comes about. The last line of the film has Farmer Hoggett repeating, "'That'll do pig,'" which is the same line he says when he first meets Babe. Very clearly, this conveys that foreshadow is cleverly put in this film.
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These lines are linked to this idea of equal rights through one quote made in the middle of the story. Here the narrator comments that, "…farmer Hoggett knew that little ideas, that tickled and nagged and refused to go away, should never be ignored. For in them lie the seeds of destiny," (Noonan). Again the word destiny is used in the same context as before, except this time it refers to something different. Here the idea commented on is a decision the farmer has in letting Babe take a sheep dog's job. Obviously, equal rights can be seen in this foreshadowing that Noonan is emphasizing. Although, in the story, Hoggett's wife does not agree with it, and the judges at the competition disapprove of him doing this, he still feels that Babe has the talent and ability. He believes that any animal can do the job of any other, and that fact of equality should not be disregarded.
However, Animal Farm presents another side to equal rights for animals. In the novel, foreshadow is used two times to present Orwell's opposition to equal rights. First of all, the goal of the rebellion is explained by one of his characters, Old Major, when he says that, "Almost overnight (they) could become rich and free (and) what then must (they) do (but), work night and day, body and soul…" (Orwell 0). Orwell is saying here that there is a sort of equality to this work and that they will be free from the tyranny of dictatorship. This, though, is changed a little when Orwell admits that, "With (the pigs') superior knowledge it was natural that (the pigs) should assume leadership," (45). Here, already, there is foreshadowing of a government being created from this rebellion. In the end, it is clearly revealed that a communistic government is formed by the pigs. The equality that was once a primary ambition now became suppressed by this dominating government.
Secondly, this thought is also shown through one of the commandments the pigs posted that said, "Whatever goes on two legs is an enemy," (Orwell 4). However, this is broken, and the communistic government returns when it is noticed by some of the animals that, "It was a pig walking on his hind legs," (Orwell 11). This communistic government that they desire to be abolished returns to them in a similar form as before. Now the pigs begin to take over, slowly becoming humans. The dictatorship that Old Major had once said they should rid themselves of has now come again. Hence, instead of an equal rights rebellion, it is negatively viewed as a controlling leadership that was just like before. Orwell is trying to say through this that attempts to treat everyone equally and give everyone equal responsibility can lead to a leadership that segregates.
The second device that is used to show the contrast in views of equal rights between Animal Farm and Babe is symbolism. There is a lot of symbolism in each of the
works that deal with real life outside of the stories. In Babe, many things are said that deal with the African-American slavery and discrimination that occurred many decades ago. Some lines symbolically reflect how evil discrimination is when noted that, "There was a time not so long ago when pigs were afforded no respect except by other pigs," (Noonan). This, indirectly implying to the African-American issue, lends further support to Noonan's theme of a lack of equality between the pigs and other animals. Building on this, Noonan derives his theme of equal rights and supports it throughout his plot. He uses this sense of segregation that was often seen in recent history and symbolically shows that equal rights can be supported.
Furthermore, this idea of African-American symbolic segregation is explained when he states that, "(The Pigs) lived their whole lives in a cruel and sunless world," (Noonan). In addition, segregation is demonstrated through human's use of pigs when it is observed that, "The bosses have to eat. Pork they call it, or bacon," (Noonan). Both of these emblematically show that these pigs are just like the colored races that were treated unequally. Noonan takes a very negative approach to this by displaying how these lines so figuratively match that of African-American slavery and shows how they were used by many of the white men that day. Similarly, Noonan explains that the pigs are treated by men just as African-Americans were treated by many of the white men. Through this he uses it to support his view that equal rights are good and should be encouraged. If not, he believes many animals, or people, will be discriminated against.
Animal Farm again puts up a fight on the issue that equal rights can be seen in the contrast of the works through symbolism. It uses a different example to symbolically display its point. In the novel, Orwell uses the Russian Revolution to explain the consequences of equal rights and responsibilities. This revolution promised equality and peace, but what resulted was discrimination between classes and a communistic government. This can be easily perceived when Orwell, slowly through the novel, notes that, "All orders were now issued through Squealer or one of the other pigs,"
(Orwell ). Orwell orchestrates the leadership to come in quietly but dominantly just like how the Russian Revolution came to pass. Here it comes to another milestone in that journey where the leadership of the pigs is secured even further, hence continuing the effort of replacing this idea of equality with that of their new government. Moreover, this communistic government is figuratively spotted when it is stated that,
"They were all slain on the spot. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on, until there was a pile of corpses lying before Napoleon's feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones," (Orwell ).
It is apparent that this was a government that matched that of the communistic government of the Russian Revolution. It is a true thing that these murders occurred in the revolution and also occur in this story. Orwell is revealing the secrets behind an extreme use equal rights. He is trying to show that if people support this equal rights issue, it can lead to disasters such as this. He wants to give a warning of what might take place in the future so that this may never happen again.
The third and final literary term that is used to support the contrary themes of equal rights in the film and novel is that of irony. This device seems to be used more often than any of the other devices because it more easily illustrates both sides of the equal rights issue. Noonan has many events in his story that link his stand on equal rights through irony. The irony became evident in a sheep dog's, one of his characters, lines when it remarks, "But you're treating them like equals. They're sheep. They're inferior," but Babe retorted back, "Ah, no they're not," (Noonan). Here it is explicitly revealed that the animals on that farm have a view of segregation between each of the other animals. However, Noonan's view on this is quickly shown at the end when Babe won the sheep dog contest, "The pig did it! The perfect score!" Ironically it is displayed that even though the other animals think differently, the pig does better than any other animal at a sheep dog's job. Furthermore, he does not treat the sheep as inferiors but as equals. Noonan's intentions can be clearly identified through the fact that animals as well as humans can be treated with the same respect and given equal amount of rights and responsibilities no matter how different or strange it may be.
Nevertheless, Orwell also has his position viewed through the use of irony. In a very ironic statement towards the end of the novel, Orwell comments on the conditions of the farm when it is said that, "Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer-except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs,"(Orwell 1). This line is very important in the wrap-up of the story. This examines how the novel ends and where it stands in view of equal rights to all animals. Obviously it supports the notion that the animals are not given the equal rights they strove for but receive a communistic government. Ironically, according to Orwell, only the dogs and pigs grow richer and the other animals, which desire the equal rights above all else, stay the same as before.
In addition to this, all the commandments, which each of the animals adore and follow, change. Orwell states that, "There was nothing there now except a single Commandment. It ran All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others," (Orwell 1). This is ironic for two reasons. One is that equal means equal, and there is no way that someone can be more equal than someone else, hence if they were, they are not equal anymore. Secondly, the commandments are changed so that some can be more equal than others, instead of the commandment which stated that, "All animals are created equal," (Orwell 4). It is changed for the purpose of slowly moving the pigs' rule back to the original human-type of rule.
Finally, also along the lines of the commandments, there are laws that were created that oppose any type of relatedness for animals to follow in the footsteps of humans. Such laws are that no animal shall wear human clothing, sleep in a bed, or drink alcohol (Orwell 4). Yet, at the end of the story, "The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which," (Orwell 1). The pigs went from animals to humans and from an equal rights ambition to a communistic government. Orwell continues to stress in his novel that equal rights can put such a headship in power, and in this novel it leads to a segregation of the rest of the animals from the pigs. By this, he desires that equal rights should not be abused in this way.
Equal rights is a very complicated issue. Many people have many different views on this topic. Such are the examples of Babe and Animal Farm, which also have conflicting views but use similar resources. Both of these use foreshadow, symbolism and irony to prove that their view on equal rights is the correct view. Both also use animals as strategies to convince the reader(s) of their stance. It is hard to tell whether the film or the novel is right or if both are wrong, therefore making it difficult to decide which has the right answer. Nonetheless, even though equal rights and responsibilities for all people are very controversial issues in the world today, it should never be forgotten that all people are created equal and there are many different people that have many different talents.
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