Alcoholism

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Alcohol is an adult beverage that can be fun and beneficial if used properly. Although if used irresponsible it also can be something that will change your life forever. Whether it takes away every thing you love or possible even cause death to you. I intend to show you the difference between casual drinking and the disease known world wide as alcoholism. The paper will show you some causes and statistics to why some people are more susceptible to alcoholism then others. Also, show what effects it can have on a person's body. Show different ways in dealing with the problem of alcoholism, and show that it does not matter race, financial situation, or even religion.

Casual drinking is where you have wine at church, a beer at dinner, or even having an alcoholic beverage at a social event of some type. When used in moderation it is said that alcohol can help with tension, fatigue, pain, and even help to increase your appetite (Microsoft Encarta 00).

When you start to consume alcohol a variety of different things, start to happen to your body. It starts okay by relieving tension, fatigue, and pain. As you continue to drink, the body starts to go through chemical changes within the body. It starts to slow physical reflexes. In addition, it impairs your judgment to what you think is appropriate or socially acceptable. Situations where you normally would be embarrassed are less threatening to you (Microsoft Encarta 00).

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Within the body, many things start to happen as your drinking continues. Alcohol contains ethanol or ethyl alcohol. When consumed the intestines and stomach absorb the alcohol. After it absorbs the alcohol in the stomach and intestine, it enters your blood stream. From here, it starts to affect your entire body. It starts to depress your central nervous system. When the blood passes through the liver it is broke down into harmless byproducts. Although if you consume the alcohol to quickly the liver cannot stay caught. This is where it starts to impair you. Since your liver cannot stay caught up with what you consume the alcohol has continued affects hours after the last drink (Microsoft Encarta 00).

There is a variety of different reasons to why people start to drink alcohol. Many people start drinking while they are younger because of peer pressure at parties. In some cases, a person may turn to alcohol to help deal with stress. When they start to drink because of stress is when they are most likely going to suffer from alcoholism. They come home after a long day at work and fight their battles with the bottle instead of facing the stress that has accumulated because of stressors.

When looking at statistics of people that become alcoholics there is great distinction between heredity traits. Children of alcoholic parents are three to four more times likely to suffer from alcoholism. In addition, children with relative that has a drinking problem are seven times more likely than general population to have same problem as the relative. (http//www.alcoholismkills.com/alcohoi.htm).

When thinking about alcoholics you think of the drunken smelly person on the street with his brown sack with a forty-ounce beer in it. This common conception is no longer true. These types of alcoholics still exist but alcoholics also live in the big house at the top of the hill. There is no rule that says the more financially successful people cannot suffer from this problem as well. Alcoholics cannot be picked out by the color of a person or even by the size of their bank account. This chronic illness can happen to anyone.

Alcoholism starts to cause many social problems as you continue to drink more and more. It all starts when alcohol changes your lifestyle. It starts to breakdown your relationships with people. It does this because your body starts needing the alcohol to keep it going. Your start to consume in larger quantities and in more intervals. You begin to make excuses to drink. You start to miss work and other appointments.

The development of this alcohol addiction can be broken down into three steps. During the first stage, a person usually drinks during social events, but drinking is not the first objective while drinking. The second stage is where the person starts to drink more heavily just to drink. During this stage, they do not need to have an event at which to drink for. They also start to have withdrawal symptoms, which may encourage them to start drinking in the morning to help get rid of a hangover from the night before. The third stage is very severe. They no longer really have control over his or her drinking. They also start to show signs of illness. Drinking during this stage is priority number one on their list of things to do (Microsoft Encarta 00).

Earlier I talked about how the body reacts when the alcohol enters your body. Now I am going to tell you what happens to your body with prolonged alcohol intake. Alcohol affects many different body processes in your body through time. It can affect the gastrointestinal tract, which causes nausea and vomiting, which leads to vitamins not being taken in properly which leads to nutrient defencies in the body. Also with long term, alcohol causes liver disease called hepatic cirrhosis. This condition is something that cannot be changed. It replaces healthy liver tissue with scared tissue, which does not allow the blood to move freely through the liver. The pressure builds on the liver, which leads to a shut down of the liver to where it cannot process the toxins as well as it did before and leads to a build up of toxins in the blood, which could become fatal (Microsoft Encarta 00 and http//health.yahoo.com/health/dc/00044/0.html).

In addition, prolonged drinking causes problems with your heart. It contributes to making ventricles of the heart enlarge and become flabby. This causes the heart to pump blood less efficiently. The inefficiency causes less blood to go through the kidneys, which in return can cause a fatal build up of water on the lungs (Microsoft Encarta 00 and http//health.yahoo.com/health/dc/00044/0.htm).

There are more than just long-term affects. A male may possible have trouble to have an errection because of alcohol. One of the most direct cases is when a pregnant mother drinks it is likely the baby will have something wrong with it. Some of those problems are fetal alcohol syndrome and possible mental retardation. Also drinking increases the chance of having larynx, esophagus, liver, and colon cancer.

Although alcoholism is, a very difficult problem to deal with there is a variety of different programs set up to help people with their problems. The one leading the way is alcoholics anonymous. Their also are hospitalization programs where you go and stay in hospital away from the environment that has influenced your drinking. On the other hand, some just simply help themselves.

Alcoholics Anonymous is a 1-step program. They meet in groups of 10 to 100 or more. Two Thirds of the members are men. Step one in the program is for his or her to admit that they have a problem. This is probably the most important step in the program because you just cannot help someone if they do not think that they have a problem in the first place.

Alcohol can be a very dangerous thing and the power of alcohol should not be taken likely. The easiest way to spot that you are starting to get addicted to alcohol is simply when alcohol becomes the party. What I mean is it becomes your focus for an evening. So good luck to you and remember there is always someone out there, to help you with your problem.

Alcoholism Kills (1) Retrieved November 10, 00,

From http//www.alcoholismkills.com/alcoholi.htm

Alcoholism, Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 00

http//encarta.msn.com 17-00 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

"Alcoholism," (00) Retrieved November 10, 00

From http//health.yahoo.com/health/dc/00044/0.html

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Synergy of East and West for greater creativity

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The understanding and definition of creativity between the Eastern and Western cultures may differ, as traditional Asian culture is more conservative, while modern culture of the West is more liberal. But in terms of creative thinking, their influences are equally significant.

¡¡¡¡Creativity is a very wide scope that covers all fields. Creativity is the driving force behind the development of technology, the economy, the arts and culture. This article attempts to look at the issue of creativity from the technological, cultural and historical perspectives.

¡¡¡¡As an Asian country, we are naturally concerned about the relationship between the history and culture of the East and creativity. In the East, especially in East Asia where Chinese culture was the mainstream, there were many illuminating examples of creativity and inventiveness in 5,000 years of Chinese history. For example, the invention of paper, gunpowder, printing and the compass. There were also great thinkers like Confucius, Mencius, Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. But these achievements go back a thousand years, or even earlier in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, the Qin and the Han Dynasties. Way back during the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods, the contention among the Hundred Schools of Thought not only created a favourable milieu for the advancement of science and technology, it also laid the foundation for the various categories of ancient science and technology in China, making it a characteristic of tradition.

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However, there hasnt been a likewise breakthrough for the last 1,000 years. What caused this stagnancy is an issue for us to ponder over. Throughout its history, Chinese culture has two obvious historical traits. One is that it had a very long period of feudalism. Only after ,000 years of feudalism from the Zhou Dynasty right up to the early Republican period, did the class-based society with its strict ethical codes began to change. The second trait is that the Imperial Examination System was too rigid and deeply entrenched. Therefore, when we discuss the issue of creativity, we should take these two traits as a historical backdrop, so as to analyse the positive and negative effects of Eastern and Western cultures on creativity.

I share Prof Yu Qiuyus view that it is easier for China to become an economic power than regaining its cultural primacy, which it commanded during the glorious Tang Dynasty (AD 618-07) when it was the most advanced country in the world. During that period, the Chinese language, culture and the distinctive Chinese creed of Confucianism were successfully transplanted in Korea, Japan and Vietnam, providing East Asia with a common cultural heritage. He emphasised that, for a renaissance of Chinese culture to occur, a cultural bridge must first be built for a two-way communication with the outside world. Only through this process can it scale a new peak. Prof Yu lamented that Chinese civilisation did not make a significant world Impact in the past few centuries.

¡¡¡¡The feudal period in Europe was, by comparison, shorter.It was followed by over 00 years (14th to 16th century A.D.) of the Renaissance, a movement spurred on by the call to revive the arts of classical Greece. It was a revolution in intellectual thought and inventiveness. The Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution that followed caused a tumultuous transformation in Europe. Shaking off its feudal shackles in ideology and social systems, Europe created a brave new world for itself. Under such circumstances, Europe produced many new creations and inventions in the realms of art, science, music, architecture and so on. In the last 00 years, the United States created many new opportunities for self-development. Its favourable conditions attracted many immigrants of high calibre, it was able to achieve many breakthroughs and unearth many new ideas in economics, science and culture, making it the only superpower in the world today. On the whole, the historical circumstances in the West over the past few centuries provided very favourable conditions for creativity and inventiveness.

¡¡¡¡There is a difference in understanding and defintion of creativity between the East and the West. Although Asian traditions are conservative in comparison, and the social climate and ideological make-up of the West are more liberal, each of them has valid contributions towards creativity. The most prominent Chinese scientist in the 0th century, Prof Yang Chen-Ning has more than once mentioned the fact that he was an amalgation of Eastern and Western cultures. His new scientific ideas and theories are a result of the clash of Eastern and Western cultures and the resolution of this conflict. Whether it is Hegels idealism or Engels materialism, they all converge at a common point the resolution of conflict. Creativity is a multi-level and complex thought process, involving many different factors. Prof Yangs idea to glean the best from both the East and the West to resolve the conflict is something we should think seriously about.

¡¡¡¡Modern science originated from Europe. Therefore, we must know the characteristics of Western culture and its effect on creativity. The characteristics of Western culture is reflected in making bold hypotheses followed by the meticulous search for evidence. The basis of science is the experiment. A scientific experiment is to test a hypothetical theory in the laboratory. Not only can the experiment verify the soundness of the hypothesis, it can also improve or debunk it. It is due to these cultural traits that Westerners are more used to making bold hypotheses. As a result, many important and revolutionary discoveries were made. The disadvantage of this is that some of these new ideas and hypotheses may not have solid foundations, but this fault is a minor one where creativity

is concerned.

¡¡¡¡Another characteristic of Western culture is the emphasis on individual contribution. Perhaps there may be some historical or religious reasons, but the mainstay of Western culture is the individual. This trait is manifested in the adulation of individual heroes in Western culture and creativity. The individuals heroic exploits and contributions are placed above collective effort. The advantage of this is that it can spur people on to greater heights. The flaw is that it results in self-centred individualism, which affects creativity indirectly.

¡¡¡¡Up to some level, creativity requires the coordination of all sides. Eastern culture can play a positive role in this. We can look at the issue at two levels

¡¡¡¡The traditional Eastern system emphasises building a solid foundation, and then build up the basic knowledge step by step. However, Eastern tradition places too much emphasis on foundations. The insistence on rote learning robbed the initiative to make bold hypotheses about new situations and new problems. In the modern world, a solid foundation is not a bad thing for creativity. Another trait of Eastern culture is humility in learning.

¡¡¡¡The 1st century will witness an explosion of human knowledge and technology. Students can no longer know everything. Under such circumstances, the unique and innovative ideas that creativity requires, as well as the grasp of new ideas and new situations, are all difficult to come by. They require the full understanding of the problem, sometimes from the surface to its core, from a superficial knowledge to a comprehensive understanding. Humility and prudence will no doubt prove valuable to such a comprehensive thought process and assist creative innovators.

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Leisure and recreation

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Development of the Leisure and Recreation Industry

Since the 160's there has been a rapid development in this industry and this is due to a number of reasons. All industries change over a period of time, but the leisure industry is probably changing faster than any other. There are many factors that influence the development of the industry but these are the most significant.

Increase in Leisure Time

In 161 the average amount of time an individual spent working in a week would be 45 hours. This meant that the individual would not have much time available for leisure as well as doing the essentials that they must do like cooking and cleaning. But over the last 5 years there has been a decrease in the basic working hours meaning today the average amount of time an individual spends working is 40 hours per week, which means an extra 5 hours to participate in leisure activities and chores. Chores are much simpler as increased automation in the home with 'labour-saving' devices such as dishwashers and washing machines also make is possible for extra leisure time.

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Also the amount of holiday entitlement has increased by up to weeks since 161. In 161, 7% of full time manual workers were entitled to weeks holiday per year. In 171 this increased to weeks on average for / of these people. Since 181 the majority of manual workers are entitled to 4 or 5 weeks of paid holiday a year. This means that people spend a lot more time participating in leisure activities nowadays than they did in 160.

Increase in Disposable Income

Disposable income is the amount of money leftover after paying out for necessities such as bills, mortgages and tax. This determines what and how much leisure activities people can participate in. E.g. People who play golf would essentially need more disposable income than those who play football, as golf is the more expensive activity out of the two. A major influence on the amount of disposable income each individual would receive would be the economy e.g. if in a recession, they would receive less and in a boom period they would receive more. The other influences would be things like inflation, interest rates, competition and credit availability.

Mobility

The increase in people owning cars or other vehicles has meant that more people have access to a wider range of leisure activities and opportunities. The general pattern suggests that the amount of people owning cars will continue to increase and as 40% of leisure time is spent travelling to desired locations this plays a large part in the leisure industry.

In 160 a popular destination for leisure would be the seaside but with modern technology we can travel abroad for leisure and holidays or to places in the country that would be unreachable without transport. This is also due to the use of maps and road networks, the advances in rail technology and also the option to travel by aeroplane, bus, boat, barge and many other forms of transport.

Demographic Changes

These are the changes in the structure of the population. Our population is known as an, 'ageing population'. This means that there are more people over 60 than there are under 0 years of age which is a dramatic change since 160. This means that leisure organisations would benefit greatly by providing for older people and accommodating for their needs. A firm that and only exists because they realised there was a lack of facilities and activities available for the over 50's is called Saga who now provide holidays etc for this age group.

Changing Fashions and Trends

Some of the major influences on how we choose to spend our leisure time are-

·Business

The industry has become controlled by large national and multinational corporations. They have a big influence on how we spend our disposable income and what we do. Since 160 small independent businesses provided most of our leisure activities but they have been taken over by major organisations that continue to expand rapidly.

·Media and communication

Since 160 this area has been transformed due to the development of new technology. There is a large amount of coverage in the form of advertising, programming, newspaper and magazine articles and information sheets about certain activities within the industry.

·Marketing

Advances in technology allow marketing to be sophisticated in analysing customer behaviour and modifying or creating new products to suit the current trends. Businesses are able to keep databases of information about consumers and can provide forecasts for future trends.

·Consumerism

Since 160 the main emphasis has been change, consumption and innovation. Change is seen as fashionable so this means people want to try new things and ignore those that were once popular. People used to perform the same routine, go to the same places and do the same things but now people are willing to spend money on new products and services which would be seen as out of date in the near future.

·Politics

Political action can affect the leisure industry. They can do this through legislation, by extending licensing hours to sell alcohol etc, broadcasting regulations and censorship. Businesses have to follow these rules and this may limit activities. They can also do this through policy, e.g. in 170 the policy the government put forward was 'Sport for all' but now this has changed to increased interest in elitism and excellence.

These are not relevant all of the time as there is still the factor of short-term fashions e.g. tennis would be popular in the weeks that Wimbledon tennis is taking place.

Technological Developments

Since 160 there have been rapid advances in new technologies and these influence the extent to which people participate in leisure and the type of activities they take part in. Some of the most obvious being -

·TV

Since 160, advances in technology have meant that now all TV's are in colour rather than black and white, which is more appealing to most people. They have also introduced packages such as Sky and digital TV allowing people to be interactive and have access to more channels, e.g. channels dedicated to Music or Film etc.

·Computers

Since the computer has decreased in size from a big machine to a personal computer, laptops and palm tops, it has turned into an essential for most people. The Internet is now a fast and efficient resource that can be used for communicating, working from home, shopping from home and many other activities.

·Music

Since 160 it seems that music quality and availability has increased. The format in which you purchase music has changed from Vinyl to cassettes to CD's to minidisk and finally MP. It is also possible to download music directly from the Internet to your computer and put it on MP or even CD.

Some leisure organisations benefit from these advances and new inventions but others suffer e.g. the invention of computer games and consoles like the Sony Playstation encourages home based leisure, therefore non-home based leisure organisations suffer.

Out of all of the factors I believe that the most influential ones would be advances in technology, increase in leisure time and increase in disposable income. This is because all of the factors are interdependent and could not exist without these initial factors. All of them rely heavily upon the advances in technology. There can only be an increase in leisure time as 'labour-saving' devices save time and allow for other activities to be performed. Without technology there would be less mobility and therefore less access to leisure activities. Technology is also the cause for the 'ageing population,' advances in technology allow people to have better health opportunities, therefore they live longer. These are a few examples of how they each relate to each other and one would not be possible without another.

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Seamous Heaney diging

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Seamus Heaney`S Digging

The Modernist theme of mechanization, brought on by the beginning of World War I and the technological revolution of the era, manifests itself powerfully and completely in the language of Seamus Heaneys first poem, Digging. From various literary devices, as well as graphic imagery the mechanization of the human spirit comes to life in the form of his father, and grandfather. The past and present become one, with the common bond the honest work of the Irish poor. In his own way, and with his own pen, Heaney develops the idea of mechanized men who, through the drudgery and repetition of their lives, create a life for them and their families, taking pride in their work, and acceptance of their fate. He develops seamlessly the idea of a man-machine, a hybrid of automation and human, married by toil and tool. Likewise, Heaney writes this as a way to tie himself to his ancestors in the British Isles, illustrating the power that they wielded with shovel and sweat, making their contribution no less enlightened than his own. In his first poem, Heaney develops the image of mechanization and automation that follows the poor of his country, through graphic imagery, sound, and literary mastery. Heaneys imagery throughout the poem echoes the automation of the workers, illustrating the type of work that they do as something that could be done by machinery. Titling the piece Digging immediately highlights for the reader the verbal connotation of the work, and puts the theme of work, and of manual labor into the limelight. As well, Heaneys use of the word gun to describe his "squat pen" in line places the emphasis on machinery allowing a comparison of the human condition to present technology. This theme continues throughout the poem, as Heaney likens his fathers act of digging to that of a machine, "as his father nestled on the lug, the shaft/Against the inside knee was levered firmly." (ll.10-11) These words take the labor out of the realm of man, by using mechanical terms to describe the marriage of shovel and man, creating an altogether different image of a type of robot tearing up sod. While he describes this straining rump, Heaney takes this man out of the realm of men, and into a realm of manufactured workers, a realm of repetition, a realm of stooping workers, their humanity set aside to finish the job at hand. However, while Heaney describes the toil of his father, he also ties it to the alike labor of a past generation, namely his grandfathers, "used to nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sods/Over his shoulder."(-) This juxtaposition of past and present illustrates the monotony of the work involved, and how things take time to change. Heaney creates the transition between his father and grandfather in a two-line stanza that highlights the pride of these men, and how their automation gave cause for praise from their descendant, Heaney. Their legacy of hard work, however mechanized, illustrates the value placed on labor in their society. While Heaney creates the idea of men-machines through visual images and parts, he also creates a very auditory world, one that echoes the act of a factory, or a piece of farm machinery. From the first stanza, with its "clean rasping sound," the readers ear can almost hear the whir of a lawn mower, or something of that nature, cutting and slicing. () The rhythm of Heaneys fathers digging highlights the monotony of the act, the incessant meter of his practiced spade. This coincides with the sounds in the prior stanza, as the authors first recollection is an auditory one. Later in the poem, "the squelch and slap/Of soggy peat", continues the idea of a machine chugging away at the turf, creating again the essence of a machine oblivious to the conditions of the work men. (5-6) Heaneys workers are extremely vivid, both physically and mentally, even after so many years, and the trials and hardships that they endure, day in and day out, add to the essence of their existence, one that lends acceptance to the fact that they are somewhat more than men, that their labor, however menial, is somewhat mechanized, somewhat heroic, and altogether driven by a pride and ethic valued among their people. While Heaney emphasizes the automation of their existence and the tediousness of their work, he still illustrates their humanity with the same type of imagery that likens them to machines. On lines 15-16, Heaney uses the phrase, "By God", something that emphasizes their humanity, for the words "old man" are also used in these lines, perhaps to create the idea of man in the image of God--something that reminds the reader of the essence of mankind, and that even though these men may become mechanized in their labor, nevertheless they retain that very core of their being that makes them men, something that no amount of work can drive out. This two line stanza that ties grandfather to father highlights the faith of this tough people, one untainted by the hard work that is the signature of their existence. Along with his reference to God, to show his awe, and disbelief at the skill of his forebears, Heaney also emphasizes their humanity, when he carried his grandfather's "milk in a bottle/Corked sloppily with paper." (1-0) This moment, where his grandfather gives in to human needs, reiterates the fact that while he may be sublimating his humanity when he is "nicking and slicing", he is nonetheless still a man, needing nourishment--though the image is equally potent as a machine, perhaps a lawn mower, refueling. This double meaning connects Heaneys idea of men-machines nicely, creating the ideal of a hybrid race, one that can drive down all but the base urges of man to get the job done, day in and day out. Seamus Heaney finally ties himself to the legacy of his father and grandfather in the final stanzas. While he cannot pick up a "spade to follow men like them", nevertheless, he is able to dig with his "squat pen." (8-0) This ties him to his relatives, though twenty years removed, and say something about the nature of work in general. In essence, Heaney is saying that any type of labor done causes man to sublimate his humanity, in such a way that each and every man has the mechanical side of a manual laborer. Poetry takes on the same idea of harvesting potatoes, the treasure of Heaneys lavish island. Thus, the tone of this work lends an almost enlightened tone to the essence of these men-machine, in the sense that through their work, they create a poetic dance of sight and sound, one that visually and audibly reflects that of a machine, working day after day in monotony. Thus, Heaney finds beauty in the commonplace, and brings it out in his Digging, creating with his "squat pen", as if it were a spade, and not a gun, as in line , as active as his imagination, not resting in the least, as in the first stanza. Seamus Heaney makes a potent statement about his heritage, and his work, in his first poem of his first book. His forebears, tough as the peat that they cut, take on the image of machines, through repetition and monotony, such that their visual image in his mind, and their sounds echoing in his ears, combine to create his hybrid of man and machine, a marriage recognized by God in its potency. Heaney juxtaposes their images to illustrate the constancy of their hard work, and ties them to him to create the cycle that his heritage lives and works in, active and proud. Through Digging, Heaney captures the essence of the Irish people, a people that works hard, tough, proud, and persistent, unable to be swayed by circumstances not under their control. Theirs is a plight of survival, of walking the fine line between man and machine to survive. Theirs is the plight of the Irish, caught eloquently by the "squat pen" of poet Seamus Heaney.

Word Count 14

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Hamlet vs lion king

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It has been said by many intelligent and informed people that Disneys The Lion King is a childrens version of Shakespeares Hamlet. There are certainly many parallels between the two stories, and even in the actual dialogue. Both are the story of a young man who is torn apart by the early demise of his father. An uncle takes over the thrown that should rightly belong to the young prince, and both of the tragic heroes overcome their own flaws and uncertainties to take back their thrones for the benefit of their countries. The similarities between the storylines and the ways they are portrayed, especially on screen, is incredible. The three biggest parallels of the stories are the presence of death images and symbolism, the actions of the secondary characters, and the development of the tragic hero. There are many differences between the stories involving characters, and detailed plot points, but the main storylines are essentially the same.

In the very opening scene of The Lion King Mufasa, the king of the Pridelands confronts his brother Scar. Scar has just missed the presentation of Simba, Mufasas son who is to be the next king. Scar turns as if to leave and Mufasa stops him by saying Dont turn your back on me Scar. This is a warning. Scar shoots back No, perhaps you shouldnt turn your back on me! This is veiled threat on the kings life. Because the king is never introduced in Hamlet, the audience is left to wonder whether the king had any notice that his brother wanted him dead. There is a parallel to this scene found in Hamlet. Shortly after Hamlet visits his mother and kills Polonius, there is a meeting between him and Claudius. When Hamlet is told he is being sent to England, he affirms that this is a good idea, and the king replies So is it, if thou knewst our purposes.(IV, iv, 47) The king is letting it be known that he has it in for Hamlet. It can therefore be accepted that he probably let it be known to Hamlet Sr. that his murder was being pondered. Scar shows how it is in the nature of the truly evil to have their victims know they are going to die. If the victim knows(if only in the mind of the murderer)and does nothing, then that makes them all the more useless, and deserving of death. If they are warned of their death and do nothing, they are weak. Scar and Claudius believe themselves to be stronger mentally than their brothers, and so they believe they would make better kings. Death is a reoccurring theme in The Lion King. The Hyenas, who parallel Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, live in an elephant graveyard, full of skeletons and decaying animals. Scar talks of killing every character in the movie, although he is unsuccessful in killing anyone but Mufasa. Timone and Pumbaa believe Simba to be dead when they first find him. He wishes he was dead, and half-heartedly tries to kill himself. Nala tries to kill Timone and Pumbaa before she knows who they are. Last of all the death themes, when Simba comes back home after Scar has been in power, the entire Pridelands appears to be dead. There are no animals left, there is no water, the vegetation is all dead, and there is nothing but sand and rock. The appearance of the Pridelands reflects the heart of Scar. Dead. This is the same as the state of Elsinore reflecting the heart of Claudius. The partying that goes on destroys the image of Denmark. The rest of the world no longer respects the people of Denmark, and in some respects, they might as well be dead considering the consequences of a bad public image. Claudius parties to forget his sins. Claudius is dead inside.

Mufasa and Hamlet Sr. were such good people that they could never really be killed. This is proven by their ghosts. While Scar and Claudius do evil things because they are dead inside and so can only see their brothers success as a threat, Mufasa and Hamlet Sr. even come back from the dead to right the wrongs of the world. Both of the kings visit their sons and give advice that sets them into action. After seeing their sons lose their courage and strength, they take personal offense in their inactivity. Mufasa says to his son, You have forgotten me... You have forgotten yourself and so you have forgotten me. You are more than what you have become. Remember... remember... remember... This is essentially the same speech that Hamlet Sr. gives his son in the closet scene. Both of the princes seem to forget their purposes as they get further away from the pain of their fathers death. Hamlet Sr. and Mufasa have as much in common as their successors do. Scar and Claudius are the most evil of men because they want power and are willing to stomp on anyone who gets in the way of their goals. After the murder of the original king, both seem to have been affected to their core by the mentality required to kill. Neither attempts to kill on their own again. Both rely on the stupidity of others to get the job done. Scar repeatedly enlists the hyenas to murder Simba, and Claudius relies on Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to take Hamlet to the leaders of England to end his life. The hyenas and R&G are both bad choices because the princes are not killed in either circumstance. In Hamlet, Hamlet is too smart to be outwitted, in The Lion King, thehyenas are just too stupid to kill Simba.

Hamlet and Simba are near perfect examples of tragic heroes. Both are tested to the extent of their inner strength and faith in the triumph of good. Simba was shown high moral standards by his father. He was very upset with himself after he disobeyed his father as a cub. After Scar blames Mufasas death on him, Simba falls into a deep depression. He leaves the pride and wanders into the forest, wanting to die. Timone and Pumbaa rescue him by carrying him into the shade when he faints from the heat of the sun and his only desire is to keep going until he dies. Hamlet contemplated suicide as well, but for both the determination within them to live won out. Simba gets grows up and the audience can see that even though hes living in the jungle, he still has an aristocratic grace about him. His high morals are deep rooted. Timone and Pumbaa are raw and uncut characters. They emphasize Simbas class. Like Hamlet, Simba tends to need to be on his own a lot to reflect. He also tends to go off when he is upset or remembers his father. He tends to blame himself for all the problems that occur to everyone around him. After the visitation from his father, Simba is moved to action. He is determined to take back the Pridelands from Scar and restore them to their former beauty. He is shocked by the state he finds it in. All of these thoughts, actions and emotions are parallel to the thoughts and emotions of Hamlet throughout his play. When Simba finds out for sure that Scar killed Mufasa, he feels the final motivation required to save himself and kill Scar. Even Scars allies turn against him.

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There are many differences to be found in Hamlet and The Lion King, but they tend to be insignificant. There is no dominant presentation of the relationship between Simba and his mother, Sarabi; there are little or no sexual innuendoes in the movie; Simba is crowned king and the Pridelands return to there original greatness. Disney was able to retain all the conflict of emotion that Hamlet felt and still create a storyline and characters that would appeal to children. This extended the vast audience that Shakespeare appeals to. Every important aspect of the movie whispers of Hamlet. There is even an allusion made by Timone that points to Shakespeare. Whats in a name? Its not from Hamlet but its Shakespeare. Both Hamlet and Simba find themselves and do great things for their countries because of that. The answer in defiance the very essence of tragedy...we know what we are, but know not what we may be.

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Italy

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Vatican City, independent state, under the absolute authority of the pope of the roman catholic church. It is an enclave within Rome Italy, with an area of 44 hectares . The smallest independent country in the world, Vatican City was established in 1 under terms of the lateran treaty concluded by the Italian government and the papacy after many years of controversy. This treaty was superseded in 184 by a new concordat, which, like its predecessor, recognized the full sovereignty of the Holy See (the jurisdiction of the pope) within the state of Vatican City. For the history of the papal territories before 1.

Just in case Im ever gone, Ill leave this message to carry on. Ill ALWAYS keep you in my heart, even when were far apart. Youre my true friend, thats no lie. Ill love you until the day I die. As I lay here on my bed, these are the thoughts running through my head. I envy you and I wonder why? But then again Im reminded by your truth, beauty, inspiring mind, and how youre always so gentle and kind. This is how it will always be, just because you mean so much to me. So heres my message, its all true. I only hope I mean that much to you Just How Special You Are

Thanks for being a friend I could always count on. Thanks for leaning your shoulder out for me to cry on. Thanks for making me laugh when I was wearing a frown. Thanks for always being there when I was down. I have never had a friend that I loved as much as you. Don't look at me as crazy, I am telling the truth. times I thought my world was coming to an end,You were there for me- time and time again.You know me better than anyone.You know you've been there when I had no one else. hope my friendship is just as good as yours.I hope you know if you need me- I am here with open doors. There were things I could not have survived if you had not been here for me. There are things that only you could see. So, once again I am thanking you for all you've done for me. Thanks for being here when I needed you to be. If ever you need a friend you will have one here. I mean it, I am being sincere.

There once was a little girl who had a bad temper. Her mother gave her a bag of nails and told her that every time she lost her temper, she must hammer a nail into the back of the fence. The first day the girl had driven 7 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as she learned to control her anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled down. She discovered it was easier to hold her temper than to drive those nails into the fence. Finally the day came when the girl didnt lose her temper at all. She told her mother about it and the mother suggested that the girl now pull out one nail for each day that she was able to hold her temper. The days passed and the young girl was finally able to tell her mother that all the nails were gone. The mother took her daughter by the hand and led her to the fence. She said, You have done well, my daughter, but look at the holes in the f! ence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one. You can put a knife in a person and draw it out. It wont matter how many times you say Im sorry, the wound is still there. A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one. Friends are very rare jewels, indeed. They make you smile and encourage you to succeed. They lend an ear, they share words of praise and they always want to open their hearts to us.

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- LEARN CHINESE IN 5 MINUTES FUNNY, FUNNY STUFF..... Learn Chinese in 5 minutes...(You MUST read them out loud) 1) Thats not right ............................... Sum Ting Wong ) Are you harboring a fugitive?..........Hu Yu Hai Ding ) See me ASAP................................ Kum Hia Nao 4) Stupid Man ..................................... Dum Fuk 5) Small Horse ................................... Tai Ni Po Ni 6) Did you go to the beach? ..............Wai Yu So Tan 7) I bumped into a coffee table .........Ai Bang Mai Fa Kin Ni 8) I think you need a face lift ..............Chin Tu Fat ) Its very dark in here .......................Wao So Dim 10) I thought you were on a diet ........Wai Yu Mun Ching? 11) This is a tow away zone ...............No Pah King 1)! Our meeting is scheduled for next week ... Wai Yu Kum Nao? 1) Staying out of sight .......................Lei Ying Lo 14) Hes cleaning his automobile .......Wa Shing Ka 15) Your body odor is offensive .........Yu Stin Ki Pu 16) Great ..............................................Fa Kin Su Pah

If I closed my eyes

Would you remember the color?

And if I cut my hair

Would you remember the length?

If I changed my voice

Would you remember the first?

And if I disappeared

Would you remember everything?

If I started crying

Would you remember my smile?

And if I stopped loving you

Would you remember my style?

ʏ

If you closed your eyes

Id remember theyre blue

And if you cut your hair

Id remember the curls.

And if you changed your voice

Id remember the sweet sound.

And if you disappeared

Id remember everything.

If you started crying

Id remember your smile.

And if you stopped loving me

Id lose everything.

You know you are a True Italian when.................

1. You have a nonna....

. You eat Sunday lunch at .00

. You know what a riceball really is

4. Your car has a green, red and white bow with a horn attached on

the mirror !

5. Christmas eve.....only fish....

6. Favourite slow song......Ti Amo

7. You have a gold chain, cross and horn

8. You have a stupid nickname

. fuhggetaboutit

10. John Gotti is your role model

11. You love nutella.....anytime......

1. Your nonnas meat balls are the best

1. Rete Italia is the only radio station you know

14. You eat zeepolis whenever you go to the festas

15. You are always dressed to impress

16. You always gotta be with the boys....or girls....

17. You always gotta have a new clean pair of filas

18. You love versace, gucci, prada, armani, just cause they are all

Italian

1. your favourite movies are the Godfather, Goodfellas,

Bronxtale,the

Last Don and you live by them

0. Guys gotta respect their women.....or else.....

1. You have been hit with a wooden spoon or had a shoe thrown at

you by either your mother or your nonna

. For all you guys......mummy is numero uno

. Pasta, pasta, pasta every day...

4. You recycle beer bottles to store the next years worth of salsa.

5. Your dads vegie patch contains every known vegetable that

exists

6. Your nonno or father owned a Valiant sometime in their

lifetime

7. Toto Cutugno rules

8. You attend at least 5 weddings, 5 engagements, 5 baptisms, 5

communions and 5 confirmations per year

. You eat gelato when its five degrees

0. The kids at school used to tease you of your smelly salami and

mortadella sandwiches

1. The kitchen cupboards are full of orange bessemer pots

. The family car has been booted out of the garage to make room

for the family sunday lunches where at least 0 people attend

. Panettone goes down hard every easter and christmas

4. Sambuca is the equivalence of water

5. There are at least two or three fridges in the house

6. Soccer is the only sport you follow

7. Your house is full of bombineri and sugar almonds

8. You live for your fathers sausages

. There is at least a prosciutto and/or salamis hanging in the

garage

40. There is a picture of La Madonna and/or Gesu Cristo hanging in

every room of the house and that includes the garage

41. You always eat at home first before you go out and eat

4. There is at least a barattolo in the house of either olives,

funghi, pepperoni, or melanzani drowned in oil

4. You own at least one Italian soccer jersey

44. Ferrari is your dream car

45. RAI International is the only channel on your TV

46. Your father owns 0 properties

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LONG LOST WORLD

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Sometimes, even from the most unsuspecting people wonderful and profound messages can originate. This is the story of one such incident when much could be learned from a person like that. On the way to school one day, this kid named Peter went around telling everyone that he had some beer in his lunch box. Now in the th grade, this topic of conversation is new and exciting. He was the center of attention, and was enjoying it immensely. We all knew he didn't have any in there, but it was still fun to talk like he did. In all the commotion we failed to realize that the bus had come to a stop on the side of the road. We finally realized what was happening, and as the bus driver made her way through the aisle, you could see kids shoving paper balls in their bags, and sitting on batteries and rocks, which they were throwing out the window. The bus was unusually silent as the bus driver, Sue we called her, waded her way through the narrow seats. Kids visibly squished as close as possible to the windows, some in an attempt to hide something, others just out of fear that they may inadvertently come into contact with the beast coming through. Sue was 7 feet tall, and appeared to be one of those ex-weight lifters, that had been on steroids for most of their adult life. Her neck was bigger than that of football players, and her arms resembled those of the body builders sometimes on WWF.

Her gut brought thoughts of the worlds strongest man competition to mind. She was big, and no one, not even Superman, or Batman could get away with messing with her. To us she might as well have been dressed in some military uniform, carrying a leather riding-crop. The fear kept us in line most of the time. She strode right up to Peter, and halted just short of him. Not a word was exchanged for a full minute, the two just looked at each other, a battle of wits. Peter was the first to speak. Waddaya want? he said with a sneer. What's in the box Peter? she thundered, as if the voice of God. None of your business! He retorted. He was dead, what was going wrong in his head, she had at least two feet on him, and her arms could crush him like a worm. Time stood still. Why I will never understand. I wasn't the one about to be brutally beaten in front of my peers. Peter was a rock, immovable. His face never flinched, his voice never faltered. It was the perfect match, and one that we all knew was going to be a sad outcome for Peter. Sue just stood there though, she glared piercingly into his eyes; she was not going to lose this battle to him. She reached down and took the box by force, and in a futile effort Peter grabbed the box, and nearly had his arms ripped right out of his sockets. She opened the box, and we knew from the look on her face he was a dead man. It wasn't beer, but even worse, he had been dumb enough to bluff around hard liquor. What was he thinking? Sue reached down and grabbed him by his collar and literally threw him 15 seats forward to the front of the bus, he crashed with a blood-curdling scream into the windshield. At this point, you know that half the bus must have wet their pants, and the other half was in bewilderment as to what had just happened. Sue though was un-phased she reached down, and with a vicious jerk lifted Peter from the ground, and tossed him in the seat.

Then she did the unthinkable. She opened the bottle and downed half of it in one gulp. The thought of death crossed my mind, not because I had done something wrong, but because old Sue couldn't drive to begin with, and now she was going to be drunk. Peter was sprawled out still unconscious, as we started moving again. Sue kept drinking the bottle, and pretty soon it was gone and so was her mind. She got on the freeway headed away from school, when sirens started up behind us. She was all over the road, and the cops weren't happy about it. As if things couldn't get any worse, Sue had to pull out a gun, and turn around and empty a load into the front of a squad car. Now I knew I was a dead man. Who knows how fast we were going, but when the bus began to shudder I knew it was too fast. The cops were still behind us when we got off the freeway. We didn't bother to stop at the light, just flew on through it. Some poor old lady in a Ford Explorer had the misfortune of hitting us. The bus flipped over with the impact, and slid a few hundred feet down the street. We all clambered out of the bus miraculously unharmed, everyone but poor Sue. She was caught, in a cocoon where the Explorer had hit, metal surrounded her, and she screamed this blood-spitting cry of pain. The police went first to the Explorer, where the old lady was in very bad shape. I wandered over there to see what was going on, when out of nowhere Peter appeared. I had completely forgotten about him in the midst of the excitement. I was waiting for some wise crack, or some tough guy comment. He was changed though, something wasn't right. He was no longer the macho man, with a quick temper, and a bully attitude. He made his way deliberately to the woman in the Explorer, where the paramedics kept repeating, It doesn't look good. He reached out his hand, and with the tip of his finger like something out of the movie he touched her wounds. One by one they began to heal. He placed his hand on her face, and her eyes opened and she sat up. It was the most amazing thing I have and will ever see. He was an angel sent from God to guard over someone. I thought at first it was the woman that we had hit, but a few minutes later I was of a different opinion. Peter turned on his heals, after saying nothing but smiling to the woman, and gesturing with his hand his acknowledgment of her many praises and thanks. He broke out into a full sprint for the bus. He crawled on top of it, and with a gigantic thrust ripped the front panel of the driver's side. Tossing it aside as if it where nothing, he bent over and gently pulled Sue from the wreckage. With the same touch as before he mended her wounds and then whispered something into her ear. She nodded, and slid back into the little cocoon. I was in full awe. What had he just done? Who was he? Why was he here? Why did he help Sue? What had he whispered to her? The paramedics rushed away with the woman to have x-rays. The police called each child's mother one by one, and Peter came to me and put his hand on my shoulder. I couldn't say a word, but somehow he knew what was in my mind. I am an angel. He said. I was sent here to show the light of God on this woman, and Sue. I purposely made this image for myself, the message I bring is that much more powerful now. With that he was gone. Into thin air. I was sure I was smoking something at that time. I had to be. I went to the bus, and looked in, but Sue was gone too. A horn honked in the distance and as I looked to it I saw them both in a car. Sue was driving, and Peter was talking. My parents didn't believe a word I said, they only insisted I tell them where I had been all day and why I wasn't at school. As I got on the bus the next day, there sat Sue sober now, and visibly changed. She had her hair done up, she was in casual clothes, and she had an expression I had never seen on her face before. She was smiling. From that day forward, I never doubted the changes that can be made in a person. She had this jolly demeanor now, and for some reason didn't seem like the beast that I had seen before. I never saw Peter again, but sometimes when I would glance into a passing car, I could see his face as a reflection in the window smiling this pleasant, and compassionate kind of smile. I think he came more for me than for anyone else, it may sound selfish, but I now had a completely different view of the world, and of people in general.

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