Squatter- Minstry Rohinton

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According to statistics, Canada is one of the countries with the most immigrants. They come from almost every coin of the world and have very different cultures and ethnic backgrounds. A common problem that all of them have to face would be how to adapt to a new culture that is completely different from theirs? In the short story "Squatter", the author Minstry Rohinton has led readers to think about how to answer. By telling an interesting story about an immigrant who cannot go to toilet, Rohinton comes up with the idea that immigrants can feel pull between two worlds, not fully belonging in either. The sense of not belonging could be caused by physical difficulties, social problems, mental pressure and disability of adapting to the changes of old place.

Immigrating to another country means first of all changing the lifestyle. Sometimes it is pretty natural and takes no time. In other cases, the adapting process may be very difficult. Someone could even feel that they have to abandon the old lifestyle in exchange of the new. Anyhow, to get rid of old habits is never easy, and neither is learning new things. Even some little things like different taste of food or different material used in clothing could cause trouble. As a matter of fact, immigrants can feel not belonging to a world due to physical difficulties. In this story, the main physical difficulty the protagonist experience is, ironically, inability of sitting on the toilet. The author describes about his situation on page 15 "We find him (Sarosh) depressed and miserable, perched on top of the toilet, crouching on his haunches, feet planted firmly for balance (…) Daily for a decade had Sarosh suffered this position." Cannot sit on the toilet is probably not a big deal. However, it makes him feel different from the others. He is doing something nobody else in the country does. He is a stranger. This physical inability defends him from becoming a really Canadian. In fact, Sarosh is not the only immigrant suffering physical difficulties. In the story, the officer at the immigration department mentions about several similar cases. There were a man who could not eat Canadian bread; a Sri Lankian woman who could not drink Canadian water; and a Pakistani family who could not swallow since immigrating to Canada. All of these things are just natural for native Canadians, but not as easy as they appear for immigrants from other cultures. Thus, immigrants could be kept outside the society due to these little, not important physical problems they experience.

New immigrants do not only have to adapt to the new environment physically. It seems to be more important to have a good relationship with other people in the society. Again, it may be very easy for some, and very hard for others. Some immigrants may experience the feeling of not belonging due to social problems. In the short story "Squatter", Sarosh, the protagonist is currently facing a difficult situation. Every time he uses a public toilet, the absence of feet below the stall door creates a strange atmosphere. People look at him like a foreigner, who is "not doing things in the conventional way" (p156). Sarosh too detects " the presence of xenophobia and hostility" (156). Nobody is able to stay indifferent if other people look at him as a monster. Their attitudes may let him feel being rejected by the society. Furthermore, Sarosh also has to face problems at work. He spends hours and hours in the bathroom every morning trying to get the sitting position and always fails. This causes him even new troubles. He is late for work for eleven times in a month. And he feel ashamed to tell the supervisor the truth. This leads to his misunderstanding to Sarosh. Later on, Sarosh is not just late in the morning but extends to spend working hours in the bathroom. Lacking communication and convincing explanation, he was finally fired. In this story, the problem of being late for work is mostly caused by problem going to the toilet. Still, it reflects to the entire immigrant population. Every immigrant may have some kind of personal difficulty that makes the communication with other people becoming more difficult. In this situation, immigrants easily become victim of the feeling of being an outsider, because of social problems.

One's emotion is related closely to the kind of life he has. Immigrants often want to fully become a member of the country. Sometimes culture difference and other obstacles may lengthen the time the process takes. It takes respectively a lot of time for them to become emotionally suitable to the new place. If they see themselves unable to well adapt, they may get stressed mentally. In "Squatter", Sarosh is unhappy from the start to the end of the story. At the beginning, the author describes him as "depressed and miserable"(p15). It's the physical inability that depresses him here. He's been living in Canada for a decade and is still not completely a Canadian. He feels that "he (Sarosh) was nothing but a failure in this land (Canada)- a failure not just in the washrooms of the nation but everywhere." From this quote, we understand that this tiny physical difficulty means the complete failure for Sarosh. The sense of failure depresses him and stressed him. It is true that in this particular case, the reason that Sarosh is willing of becoming completely Canadian is mostly because of the promise he made to his mother. But he is still a representative example of the entire Canadian immigrant collective. Since a lot of other immigrants also feel stressed mentally. It can be proved by the travel agent's words. She says " I meet so many people who are going back to their homeland because of problems here"(p16). This shows that there are many immigrants who abandon Canada for varies problems in Canada. They are mentally tired of dealing with them and they finally give up. Native Canadians can never imagine how those problems are hard to be solved. Further more, Sarosh does not always see himself as a Canadian. This can be proved by his words " That's the way THEY talk over there, nothing is ever a problem." From the word 'they', we can see that Sarosh excludes himself from the Canadians. He does not like some of people's attitudes in Canada. He does not see himself as one of them either. It is part of the reason that he decides to return to India. The above arguments all show that the mental conflict of belonging or not belonging can cause anxiety in immigrants.

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Finally, immigrants can feel not belonging to their original place either because of the changes of the place. Sarosh in the short story has come back to his country- India. But he does not feel belonging to there any more, because everything has changed in his homeland. He notices that "during his absence all the brand names had changed- the labels were different and familiar" (p167). He notices that " the people who sat on the parapet (…) were strangers" (p167). He also notices that " they (the tetra pods) were grimy black now, and from angularities rose the distinct stench of human excrement" (p167). These changes are not towards a positive side. Sarosh is not quite prepared for them. A lot of things are new and unfamiliar. He is desperately searching for the old things in his memory but he cannot find them. It is like he has come to another unknown country. And the environment in the new country is not very pleasurable. Plus, people do not look at him the same way anymore. On the welcome-home party, they keep asking him to display the Canadian currency and his Canadian passport and citizenship card. In their eyes, he is a foreigner now. The sense of not belonging disappoints Sarosh, " so forlorn and woebegone was his countenance" (p167). The changes of the old place push immigrants out of their original world.

In conclusion, due to physical, social and mental difficulties, immigrants can feel not belonging in either the new place or the native country. However, many people may be able to well mix the two cultures together. And they argue that immigrating is a process of searching for happiness…

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Discuss and illustrate as far as you can Browning's search, as a poet, for formal and thematic variety?

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In 1851 Browning wrote an essay on Percy Bysshe Shelley, and in it he both praised the Romantic poet who had so influenced him, and also explained how he, Browning differed in his own poetic project. Shelley, according to Browning, was a subjective poet, a poet who wrote from the perspective of the inner self, while Browning wishes to be an objective poet. Browning felt that subjective poetry which is never relieved by objectivity meant that "the world is subsisting wholly on the shadow of a reality". He wanted to present the world from a distanced objective view, not through a haze of abstraction, and to show the world and the people in it clearly and directly. Employed by Browning, among others, the dramatic monologue is one poetic strategy which allows us a vision of both worlds. The character in the monologue tells his or her story in a subjective manner, while allowing the distanced poet and reader to remain objective.

The "action" in a dramatic monologue is mental, psychological and verbal. Browning also became adept at indicating physical action and gesture but the important one is the act of speakingof arguing, pleading informing, reminiscing, of thinking aloud or of justifying oneself. The form also allowed him to indulge his fondness for eccentric or often morally reprehensible characters and opinions while, it freed him from the responsibility of bringing his villain to justice. Browning chose the Renaissance as the historical setting of many of his poems because it was a time of great energy and change. However Browning's characters are not famous personages but minor players. They are too busy concentrating on themselves and their own needs to think about their role in history. Through these moments in history Browning discusses such themes as Love, Art, Beauty and Evil. He also shows us that it is very difficult to hear the whole story as it is made up of many different versions.

In 18 Browning's first published poem, the lyrical, confessional form of Pauline looks back to the dominant mode of the Romantic poets rather than forward to his mid-Victorian acheivement. In Paracelsus he abandoned the confessional mode and put many of the same thoughts and feelings into dramatic form. Therefore from now on his poems would be "dramatic in principle". Two poems that Browning published soon after are even more fully dramatic. These poems Johannes Agricola and Porphyria's Lover, are objective studies in morbid psychology. In Porphyria's Lover the world is restricted to a single point of view, to the words of the character who is speaking. This is the source of much of the richness and power of the dramatic monologue. We soon deduce even without the 184 title Madhouse Cells that the speaker in the poem is insane. He reveals himself as a murderer, and a necrophiliac. He believes God's silence indicates that God condones his act.

"And yet God has said not a word!"

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Or is it that God has not yet spoken and the speaker fearfully awaits God's judgement. By giving us only the speaker's version of events, Browning creates a poem that is fundamentally ambivalent. We could say the man's madness extenuates his crime, or was there really a crime and if so, was it committed in such a way. He could just be imaging everything, or perhaps this happened in the past and his mind is trapped within the memory of that night. Once our imagination is engaged by these ambiguities, each line becomes an index to the complex human mind Browning has portrayed. For example, the opening lines tell us that it is the man, not the wind that is sullen and spiteful. Porphyia's Lover is technically a soliloquy as there is no listener to hear the speaker's words. In Browning's later works a listener is usually clearly indicated so that the poem becomes a one-end conversation that the reader is permitted to overhear.

In Pippa Passes 1841 we find Browning using an experimental form which is closer to the dramatic monologue than to legitimate drama. He presents Pippa a child labourer, on her yearly day of freedom walking through her town singing various songs. As she passes Pippa's unconscious singing influences the lives of some of the people in the town. Because Pippa passes through the world her presence changes it, but that is not to say that she unequivocally improves it. Although each character has been changed it is not easy to say if she has been an agent for good, or perhaps the unconscious agent of Gods will or even just an agent of chance.. In Pippa, Browning develops a poetic form that displays that mixture of good and evil, of the beautiful and the ugly which so distinguishes his vision of life. Once again he makes no authorial comment and the reader has to decide the outcome for his or herself.

My Last Duchess 184 represents a definite advance towards the dramatic monologue. The setting is more precise and the Duke's motive for speaking more distinct (to lay down a set of rules for his new Duchess by describing the flaws of the previous one). The language is more natural and the listener, (an envoy from the Count whose daughter will be the next Duchess) is more openly indicated. This device of including a listener seems to account for the greater sense of reality. The style is conversational as the listener is asked to sit and look at a painting of the Duchess while the Duke describes her. Here too the Duke carries on a sort of dialogue with the listener by anticipating his questions and responses. Gestures like drawing the attention of the envoy to the bronze statute stresses the Duke's pride in possession that leads him to treat people as objects and tools to be used. Here Browning seems to be saying that the Duke is representative of the dehumanising forces which were brought on by industrialisation.

The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church 1845 which describes a materialistic bishop giving orders for the decoration of his tomb to his illegitimate sons as he lies on his deathbed brought the dramatic monologue to full and mature expression. Although the bishop is meant to be representative of corrupt Catholic churchmen and was one of the poems written to dispel what Browning saw as wrong-headed nostalgia for the rituals of the Catholic church, by the time the monologue has ended he has become an individual. Sensual, vain, capable of bribery, threats even anger but also appreciative of beauty, the bishop has developed into a realistic character.

In Fra Lippo Lippi 1855 he fused painting, history and religion into a demonstration of , and argument for, realism in art. Set in Florence of the Renaissance it tells of a licentious monk known for his naturalist style of painting. The other monks are shocked at his realistic portrayal of the human body because they see the function of religious painting as spiritual, to help people forget the materialistic world of flesh and blood. However Lippo Lippi believes that art, which attempts to represent things as they really are, is itself a path to the spiritual. Browning too wishes to be a poet who sees and describes "objects for men's outer not inner sight." Therefore Browning is maintaining that if the artist or poet represents things truly and objectively, those things can enter the inner sight of man. Through the use of the dramatic monologue Browning achieved this visionary goal.

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Case Study: The Tobacco Deal

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Case Study The Tobacco Deal

Issues

Considering that the tobacco industry is a major contributor to the U.S. economy, what may be causal effect of such severe legislation and punishment inflicted on the Tobacco industry?

If the tobacco industries were eventually forced to close their respective doors due to excessive punitive damages awarded or if they were forced to file for bankruptcy due to costs associated to civil lawsuits, what would happen to the economy? It added over $55 billion annually to the gross domestic product. Taxes collected from the sale of cigarettes as well as other tobacco products in the U.S. alone totaled $1.1 billion in 16. Taxes have steadily risen since then. The industry also plays a big part as a major employer in some states. The industry spent $6. billion a year in advertising. I'm sure this has decreased today as advertisement of tobacco products has been banned from TV and billboards. However, the decrease could not be that significant as the industry needs to continue the advertisement of products in order to continue to remain a profitable business. The industry also played a big part of employment for attorneys and public relations.

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Terms of the Deal

1)Tobacco industry payments. The industry will be required to pay $68.5 billion for the first 5 years and $15 billion each year after indefinitely.

The proposal states that MOST of the money would go to the states to compensate the cost of health care for people with tobacco related illnesses. $5 billion would go towards health care for uninsured children. "Funds" would also finance antismoking education as well as advertising and enforcement of the settlement. A percentage would pay the fees of attorneys who negotiated the settlement. Who will guarantee that MOST of the money will compensate the costs of health care? I agree that "funds" should finance antismoking education and programs, however the proposal does not specify the amount of funds to do so. I do not agree that this funding should pay attorney fees. The industry should pay the attorney fees.

)Advertising. All billboard and/or outdoor advertising of tobacco products, the use of cartoon or human figures in ads, Internet advertising, product placement in TV or movies and sponsorship of sporting events would be banned.

This is acceptable to me. This has already been implemented in California. I have not seen any billboards advertising tobacco. There are no ads of cartoon or human figures on TV or movies. Brand name sponsorship of sporting events does not exist.

)Warning labels. Warning labels on cigarette packs would include statements that cigarettes are addictive, can cause cancer; smoking can kill you as well as cause fatal lung disease.

This is also acceptable to me. Warning labels exist on cigarette packs. As a matter of fact, I recently purchased a carton of cigarettes and each pack had a small pamphlet attached.

4)Government regulation of nicotine. The FDA would be allowed to regulate the quantity of nicotine levels in cigarettes.

I found this interesting. FDA's regulation of nicotine in cigarettes could be very profitable for the tobacco industry. For example, if the FDA chose to reduce the levels of nicotine in cigarettes, the consumer would more than likely smoke more cigarettes in order to achieve the "nicotine high" that smokers are addictive to. After all, nicotine is the reason that most smokers cannot kick the habit. Why is it that the FDA could not ban nicotine until 00? The industry needed the additional years to boost the levels of nicotine in order to recruit more smokers? Also, the FDA would have to prove that this action would significantly reduce health risks, was technologically feasible, and would not create a demand for black market cigarettes. I do not believe that we honestly and truthfully know what it is in cigarettes that cause cancer. I think we know and believe that nicotine is the reason that smokers are addicted. However, there more than likely is another substance in cigarettes that causes cancer. What does "technologically feasible" really mean? We have so much technology, it's coming out of our ears! I also do not believe that the FDA can control the black market. Today's society has black markets for a lot of illegal products.

5)Cap on liability. The tobacco industry would be protected from future litigation, punitive damages, class action lawsuits, and consolidated litigations.

I do not agree to this portion of the deal. If the industry knowingly boosted the levels of nicotine in cigarettes in order to make smokers addicts, then they should be totally held accountable for whatever the cost of damages the court awards. Like Shane, this is a violation of our constitutional rights. There should not be a liability cap in order to favor the tobacco industry.

6)Access to children. The sale of cigarettes through vending machines or licensed tobacco dealers to minors will be banned.

I agree with this proposal, however I do not see how this will be enforced. In the state of California, there are no vending machines that dispense cigarettes. It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor under the age of 18 years. Vending machines have been removed, however my 17-year-old son has been able to purchase cigarettes from local liquor or food markets. He was cited with a violation of a minor in possession of a cigarette and attended court proceedings. I recently received a fine in the mail (as the parent or guardian of this child) for $60 because he did not fulfill his obligations to the court. His driving privileges will be denied until this fine is paid. Do you honestly think that revoking his driving privileges will discourage his need to smoke? He has told me that quitting smoking is a hard thing to do. And he has only been smoking (according to what he tells me) for less than two years. I do not buy my child cigarettes. I have discouraged him from smoking. This "case example" also proves that we and/or the FDA have no control of smoking as a pediatric disease. I began smoking in my teen years. I still smoke today, even knowing of the dangers of smoking related illnesses.

7)Public smoking. Smoking in public places and workplaces would be prohibited. Restaurants, bars, casinos, and bingo parlors would be exempt.

This is another law that has been implemented within California. There is no public place such as workplaces, restaurants, or bars that allow smoking in California. I'm not sure of casinos or bingo parlors though. I can pretty much bet that smoking is not allowed indoors in a public place within the state of California.

8)Smoker assistance. Smokers would receive modest payments for smoking-cessation treatment and monitoring of smoking related illnesses.

This I do agree with, however "modest payments" more than likely would not cover the costs. There is no commitment as to how much would be paid.

Our plan of action was

a.The outcome of these actions should be the resolution of all litigation.

b.Currently, these companies have the financial means to meat the requirements of any proposed settlement that is within reason. They also have the ability to raise prices on their product to offset the cost of the settlement.

c.What should be done is to get all affected parties together to create a settlement.

d.This should be initiated by the tobacco companies since they have the most to gain from settlement

Rick has stated that our plan should have included a timetable of implementation of our plan of action. I believe we all have agreed that settlement is the only realistic option for the tobacco industry. Some of the proposals of the tobacco deal have already been implemented. I really cannot think of an ideal time to implement the rest of the plan other than immediately. There is no reason to delay any further.

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What leads okonkwo to his demise

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Chinua Achebe, in his text Things Fall Apart, presents the demise of a well-respected and recognised African Tribal legend named Okonkwo. Okonkwo is an intrepid, independent and impetuous man. To some extent we find Okonkwo's strengths are also his weaknesses and cause his eventual breakdown. It is Okonkwo's thoughts of failure that express his sensitivity and drive his fury over the edge leading to his suicide. The fury suffered from his son, Nwoye conversion to Christianity and the establishment of new surroundings, cultures, beliefs and tribal life influence Okonkwo's reflection into his future and introduced him to a new frame of mind that made him realise that no one will sacrifice to him and that he would be forgotten in the near future. These key influences, his father, Nwoye and the reflection in his future led to Okonkwo downfall.

Okonkwo is a dominant, hard workingman, brutal and unforgiving. He wants to become a leader in his tribe, to gain the most titles, a well respected and remembered man, grow the most yams and produce the most sons. It is the wellspring of such ambitions that cause his demise. It was the dominating fear of turning out like his father, a 'failure' and loser that controlled his life. Okonkwo was embarrassed by his father. He did everything in his power to prove to his society that he was nothing like him. He constantly carried out tasks to prove his man hood. The killing of Ikemefuna is an example of this. The killing of Ikemefuna, a boy that called him father unbalanced Okonkwo's emotions. Okonkwo loved Ikemefuna. Ikemefuna was everything Nwoye (his son) was not, strong and "a real man" (pg 87). Achebe exposed Okonkwo's sensitivity in the death of Ikemefuna. Okonkwo was quite upset and mourned the death of Ikemefuna.

" Okonkwo did not taste any food for two days after the death of Ikemefuna" (pg 55)

The humiliations and pressures of being thought weak over powered Okonkwo's emotions. He could no longer handle the embarrassment of not being able to fulfil his ambitions successfully or of being thought a failure like his father. His sensitivity became a strong cause in his suicide as it created thoughts of failure in his mind. Okonkwo struggled to deal with his emotions and felt as if there was no other option but to put his embarrassment to rest. This was a key reason why Okonkwo chose to end his own life.

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Achebe portrays Okonkwo as an impatient man, one of short temper and fury. Okonkwo's ferocity gets out of control and over powers his view on tribal life. The introduction of new surroundings eventually builds up the sense of terror and threat for Okonkwo and pushes his temper and fury to breaking point. This drives Okonkwo to his death. Okonkwo does not want to accept the fact of change or attempt to understand it. The threat of change and starting all over again has a negative impact on Okonkwo. He does not like it and wants to dismiss it.

" They (rulers, ancestors, orders) did not want them (missioners) in their clan, so they made them an offer that would soon get rid of them" ( pg 10)

Okonkwo illustrated the negativity to change in his exile.

Okonkwo's time in exile originally impacted positively on his life as he took the time to rebuild his life and settle his confused emotions. However the white mans introduction of change created feelings of terror and threat, which brought back Okonkwo's mixed emotions. Okonkwo began going 'crazy' and his thoughts were too doubtful to be altered. Okonkwo did not have the mental capacity or support to handle the change. Achebe demonstrated change as being to dominate in Okonkwo's life and something he could not deal with. The introduction of change drove Okonkwo's short temper and fury to breaking point. The introduction to change was a major influence in Okonkwo's decision to suicide.

Okonkwo's anger was fuelled when his only son Nwoye made a conversion to Christianity. Okonkwo was very disappointed and embarrassed about this decision.

" His father (Okonkwo) suddenly over with fury, sprang to his feet and gripped him by the neck" (pg 1)

Nwoye's conversion to Christianity meant that he would not follow and sacrifice to his father Okonkwo or the ancestors. Okonkwo is in fear of loosing his existence. He was becoming a failure like his father. Okonkwo is realising that no one will sacrifice to him and that he will be soon forgotten. The reflection of his future dominates his decision to suicide. This was displayed when Okonkwo sat by a fire reflecting on what was happening around him,

" Suppose when he died all his male children decided to follow Nwoye's steps and abandon there ancestors…Okonkwo would wipe them off the face of the earth (pg14)

Okonkwo reflected into his life and thought of all the negativities that were going to happen in the near future. This was too strong for Okonkwo. Okonkwo's anger about Nwoye's conversion to Christianity dominates his decision making and provoked his collapse. On a number of occasions Okonkwo carried out crimes influenced by his anger and fury. The killing of the Christian messenger, the beating of his wife Ekwefi and the burning of the Christian church are examples of this. Okonkwo's short temper and range continued to increase. His anger was too strong and the reflection of his forgotten future dominated his decision to end his own life.

Achebe presents an image of a small whole in a wall. It is through this hole that Achebe expresses Okonkwo's true identity. Fowls go in and out of the hole in their endless search for food (survival). Okonkwo went out of the hole in his endless search of acceptance. Okonkwo took the cowardly option to end his own life. Life became to tough for him and instead of trying to fix it he took the easy way out and killed himself. However he might of felt a lack of acceptance by the white men, whilst it was the white men who were the fools by never understanding the ways of African life. Even though they thought they knew it all, they really learnt and knew nothing. Okonkwo's life was fine until the white men introduced change.

" This man was one of the greatest men in Umuofia, You drove him to kill himself" (pg 18)

The white men never understood the life of the black man. They just came and took over trying to over power every ones life. Little did they know they destroyed many lives? They were so ignorant about the happenings and so blinded on the effects they caused on peoples lives that they just continued to implement what they thought was right. It is the 'know it all's' in life that drive people emotions to the edge resulting in their downfalls. People feel so little and unaccepted in life and have no other choice but to suicide.

Achebe in Things Fall Apart asserts a statement about human beings that demonstrates we are only remembered by our achievement and beliefs. He illustrates this statement in Okonkwo. We find that our worst enemies are usually ourselves. Our downfalls are a result of our actions. Okonkwo, just like any human being has his own life pressures of acceptance and pride. Okonkwo's fear of failure and humiliation drove his fury to a point where he could no longer continue. Together with the fear of being forgotten and not worshiped as a ancestor, his fury was a consequence of his committing crimes and his suicide. All human beings have different pressures on life. We hold different thoughts and opinions. It is because of these different thought and opinions that cause a lack of unacceptance. This lack of unacceptance lowers individual self-esteem and producers the sense of fear and threat. It is these feelings that discourage people's enthusiasm for life and their self-esteems and raise feelings and factors of stress and depression etc. that result in people's downfall. Okonkwo in Achebe's novel is a prime example of how life pressures of acceptance and pride dominate human life.

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Catcher In The Rye Essay

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In J.D Salingers book The Catcher in The Rye the question "Who was Holden Caulfield's antagonist, was a question that struck me, and was a question that was not really emphasized on in the book. It was unsure of who it actually was until you thought about his relationships with his teachers, friends and peers through out the book. In the dictionary, antagonist is defined as one who contends against another. I believe Holden is his own antagonist. Holden proved through out the book that yes, indeed the antagonist can be yourself. Through Holden's experiences, the reader was able to learn how Holden dealt with a lot of his problems, although they weren't always handled rationally or the way he wanted to, they were done and after each one of these you knew he was only critical on himself and was only mad with himself.

The first conflict dealed with Stradlater. Stradlater was Holden's roommate at Pencey, the school he was attending at the time. Stradlater was looked at as a womanizer, always able to get the girls. Although it might not say exactly this, you could tell that Holden was very jealous of him and his accomplishments and his reputation of being the tough rich guy. When he went out on a date with Holden's good old friend Jane, he became very jealous and took it to offense because he knew that Stradlater would most likely use her or corrupt her in some way. Holden really Jane. The fact that it was her that he was going on date with killed Holden even more. Holden was always very critical of Stradlater. Always trying to find all of his faults, even if there wasn't a problem with them, he was still able to point out every negative thing about him. You can tell with Stradlater's relationship that Holden is one to criticize other people, to make himself look better and feel better. Holden never really felt good about Stradlater. Holden always seemed to look down on him, thinking of him as the cruel womanizer who would corrupt all the girls he went out with, especially Jane. He knew that Stradlater was what he always wanted to be, but would never be able to achieve. A quote that described Holden's feelings about Stradlater is on pg. 44, "That's just the trouble with all you morons. You never want to discuss anything. That's the way you can always tell a moron. They never want to discuss anything intelligent." He brings all these problems on himself because he always looks at himself as the better person, he never wonders, could I be the one making the problems and am I bringing them all on myself.

Ackley, the roommate next door to him at Pencey, was not one of the coolest people, he most likely had a lot of trouble making friends and wasn't very social. Holden would always put Ackley down and act superior to him, even though sometimes, it was as if they had the same social status anyway. Holden gave Ackley a lot of grief and made him feel bad about himself a lot. They both stayed home on weekends, didn't go out much and didn't participate in social activities. Once again, Holden was putting Ackley down to feel better about himself, because Ackley was a weak person and he sensed that. So with that in mind, he jumped all over Ackley all the time, making fun of him, using him, and making Ackley feel less superior to everybody around him.

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Sally, was an old friend of Holden's. They used to be very close but they began to drift apart and rarely talked. One night when Holden was very drunk he called her up and began talking to her again. This was the start of their once again friendship. Holden and Sally decided to go out on a date one night and the fight began when Holden would start criticizing her about the guys in her life, how she is doing and everything and about her being "phony." He was always calling everybody else phony, but then he tells us on page16, "I'm the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life." Basically he is coming across as a hypocrite and is really describing himself a lot in the book. Through out the date with Sally he was not being respectful or honest with her. The reason he seems most mad with her is because Sally is a very pretty girl, it mentions that in the book and she has a lot of male friends that she knows in the city.

One night, Holden went back to his hotel room and on the way up to his room the bell man noticed Holden not in the greatest mood. Maurice (the bell man's name) suggested he sent up a female prostitute that night. Holden agreed to it and was waiting in his room for Sunny ( the prostitute) to arrive. The conflict with Sunny and Maurice began when Maurice had told him a different price then Sunny had. Sunny had arrived up in his room, however, when she got there, Holden decided that the whole idea of losing his virginity to a prostitute made him feel kind of bad and didn't really amuse him. Holden told Sunny he just wanted to talk, nothing more. When asked what Sunny did during the day, it sounded like she didn't have a full time job, so being a prostitute just about got her the money to keep her going, and going to the shows and everything. When Sunny was about ready to go, she asked for the 15 dollars that had been expected all along. When Holden didn't pay her with all the money, and only gave her a 10 for the night she stormed out of the room, calling him a "crumb-bum." Through out this chapter, you are able to understand Holden a little better, and realize some of his sensitive side. Even though it seems as if he was being a phony and really just wanted somebody to talk to, he got rejected and yelled at. When Maurice and Sunny confronted him about not receiving all the money, he got very scared and was unsure of what to do or say. He began crying when Sunny went into his wallet and took the other 5 dollars she wanted all along. Although, this was not kind at all, Holden pretty much brought this all on himself, having her sent up and everything. That is another reason to say that Holden's antagonist is really himself.

Mr. Antolini, Holden's English teacher at one time, had been called by Holden the night he went to his house to visit Phoebe, his little sister at home. Mr. Antolini seemed like a great guy and welcomed him even though it was very late into the night. Mr. Antolini was trying to help Holden out, with school and with all of Holden's other problems. It almost seemed if Mr. Antolini treated Holden like his own son. He was a very good listener and seemed to have good advice for Holden also. He handed Holden a piece of paper that said " The mark of the immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of the mature man is that he wants to live humbly for one." He states that these are wise words and that once he figures what that means, it will help him out a lot. Mr. Antolini was just a nice guy who thought he could help Holden out a lot with his kind words and everything, the night was then blown out of proportion when Holden woke up to Mr. Antolini patting his head. Holden took it as a "gay" pat, and got too scared about it and left. Holden seems to take things out of proportion to much. He always looks for the bad things in a person when they are truly just trying to help him out.

In conclusion, Holden is the kind of person that wont admit to his own faults because in his world, he just doesn't have any, or so he thinks. He turns to the weaker, more non sociable people in his life to make him feel better about himself. When he is able to let someone down or catch them when they are doing something wrong and make them feel a tad bit worse. When he is able to do this, his problems in his life don't seem to be so bad, but then in the long run, it just makes things all for the worse. He doesn't realize that he causes a lot of the problems for himself, and by doing this he is just being his own antagonist. No one really picks on him but himself. He's always noticing his peers, his families, his friends and his own mistakes and faults rather then being nice about things.

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Videogame Violence

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Despite all of the controversy, videogames do not cause violent behavior in mature players. Many studies have proven that videogames do not directly cause violent behavior. For many years not, psychologists have been studying how videogame violence affects kids. Leave the Pong to Grandma. Research has shown that videogames affect kids more than adults. These violent videogames are not aimed towards kids. The developers of these games make them for mature minded adults. ESRB ratings are used to prevent kids from purchasing mature rated games. If a game is rated mature, a customer must be at least seventeen years of age. Many games like Max Payne, Counter-Strike, and the ever popular game Grand Theft Auto are some of the most violent games on the market right now. List Targets Violent Games. These games may be violent, but they do not teach violence. In all of these games, a player uses weapons of mass destruction, but none of these games teach a player to accurately fire a high caliber sniper rifle. Video games are not bad for mature players, but shouldn't be played by children.

The ESRB rating system is now required for every game to hit the shelves. The ESRB rating system helps consumers purchase a game for a specific age group. ESRB-FAQ. The rating may be placed to aim for mature players, but it is the parents' responsibility to judge what game is appropriate for the child. Leave the Pong to Grandma. The staff that rates the games is not a permanent staff. People sign up to rate a set of games then return to their normal jobs. ESRB-FAQ. "The individual reviewers of games are not revealed to the developer." ESRB-FAQ. Much is done to accurately rate each individual game based on game play and the game material. Each individual game package reveals the contents such as drug use, violence, sexual themes, etc. So if the parents do not approve of violence, they know which games to avoid, and which to buy. When ESRB first started, they were an optional rating for game developers to have. Now, it is required by law. ESRB-FAQ. The government clearly supports the use of the ESRB rating system and does everything possible to keep violent games out of the reach of young kids.

Some games, more than others, receive more media attention due to excessive gore, use of drugs, violence, or in Max Payne's case, all three. Max Payne received a lot of controversy when it was first released. Max Payne is a very popular game and has been released for Microsoft's Xbox, Sony's Playstation , and the PC. The developer of Max Payne is Rockstar, who is constantly under suspension for releasing violent videogames and affected the minds of young kids. "Max Payne's game engine is like no other". Playing with Firearms. Max Payne uses a system called Bullet-Time. Bullet-Time slows down the game play to enable the player to make the character have faster reflexes. While in Bullet-Time, players can see the bullets actually impact the enemy. Bullet-Time enhances the gore level immensely. Bullet-Time is what is accused of being the game's magnet to media. The storyline consists of a cop that has been framed for killing his ex-partner. He then comes home to his wife and child brutally murdered. He then goes on a quest to find his family's killer and the person who framed him. Playing with Firearms. Not only is the storyline interesting, but also everything is done to make the game look real. Rockstar used an incredible graphics engine on the game. They used software that enabled the developers to take digital photographs and use them for textures in the game. So while walking around in the game, the wallpaper, ceiling fans, etc, seems more real. Although the storyline is violent and the graphics are realistic, it does not realistically teach kids to kill people. It does not show where to get guns or how to dive in slow motion. The game is unrealistic and as long as the players know that, children will not believe that they can do these things and will not act violently due to this game. Max Payne is appropriate for any mature action fan.

The popular game Counter-Strike is a mod to the 18 PC Gaming Magazine game of the year. A mod is a patch of gaming code that gets latched on to a full version game. The game was the first of its kind. The health system is the closet to real life ever made. Playing with Firearms. Although you are supposed to kill enemies, you are punished for killing friendlies. The game consists of two teams, the Terrorists and the Counter-Terrorists. Playing with Firearms. There are separate objectives for each team on all the maps. "Terrorists are encouraged to set bombs, or kill hostages". Playing with Firearms. The Terrorists may be encouraged to place bombs and kill the hostages, but the Counter-Terrorists are required to save the hostages and stop bombs from blowing up. Many aspects of the game mod are considered realistic, but the most realistic aspect of the game is the guns. Many of the weapons are actually used by SWAT and the Navy SEALS. There are also very popular Terrorists weapons such as the AK-47 and the Desert Eagle. Some examples of Counter-Terrorists weapons are MP5 and the Berretta. Although you can purchase the weapons in the game, you are not instructed how to properly and accurately fire any of them. Media is too fast to blame this game for violent behavior, it only promotes real life action and strategy.

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Grand Theft Auto is one of the most controversial games ever made. The city is a real virtual acting city.Violence yields to pacman. Everything that is in real life, exists in the city. Some of these objects are like schools, traffic lights, cops, walking pedestrians, trains, etc. Every single object can be interacted with. "Health can easily be replenished by simply picking up a prostitute and drive into an alley way". Violence yields to pacman. This is a foolish part of the game that no one takes seriously, health is easier to gain by going to the hospital. There are no sexual animations shown, the car is the only thing that shakes. Killing cops is an inevitable part of the game. Violence yields to pacman. The majority of cop killing is done accidentally by running them down over with a car. Although it is possible to run into the cop station and start shooting, it is suicidal. Breaking any law results in a penalty, the more laws that are broken, the more the cops come after the player. Killing cops is part of the game, but is not done freely without punishment. Every player realizes the seriousness of committing these crimes and would not take it seriously.

Games like Max Payne, Counter-Strike, and Grand Theft Auto are extremely violent and are not meant to be played by all audiences. Each game carries a rating for a purpose. That purpose is to advise the consumer about the product they are considering to purchase. Many studies have proven that violent videogames affect the behavior of young people, but studies have also shown that violent videogames do not affect the behavior of mature players. The clear solution is to try to prevent kids from getting these games.

1) Website

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Leave the pong to grandma

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www.BoltGames.net

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Unknown

List Targets Violent Games

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www.msnbc.net

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Christina Cardoze

Pacman Yeilds to Violence

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www.jrn.columbia.com

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Senator Herb Kohl

Videogame Violence Statement

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www.senate.gov/~Kohl/press/110.html

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Unknown

Videogame Ratings

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www.cnn.com/00/TECH/1/10/hln.wired.video.gane.ratings/

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Unknown

Videogames and Violence

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www.socsi.mcmaster.ca/soc/courses/stpp4co/classEssay/videogames.html

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Unknown

ESRB-FAQ

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www.esrb.org/esrbratings_faq.asp

8) Website

Unknown

Violent Videogames

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www.nbc.com/news/181151/detail.html

) Website

Unknown

Playing With Firearms

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w.agsfoundation.com/r0_halflife.html

10) Website

Unknown

Playing With Firearms

unknown

w.agsfoundation.com/r0_maxpayne.html

Please note that this sample paper on Videogame Violence is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Videogame Violence, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Videogame Violence will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Racism

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on racism. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality racism paper right on time.

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Racism is but one of the largest problems in our society. It is used in so many different ways that many people are not aware. When will there be an end to this, many of us may wonder. In my opinion, it will go on forever. There does not seem to be too many people who really want to put an end to this controversy. Most of us do not realize how serious racism is and what it is doing to our society. In addition, if people do not begin to realize the seriousness of racism, it just may go on forever.

Blacks continue to struggle for equality and freedom, many racist whites feel that blacks does not deserve to live as well as them. They do not want to see them accomplish anything. Moreover, they will do whatever it takes so that blacks will not succeed. Instead of blacks standing up for themselves and making it their life dream to accomplish something, many of them settle for less. Although we have to work harder to make our dreams reality, it is worth the time and effort.

During the year of 15, there was a Million Man March held in Washington D.C. This was the largest black march ever. There were buses arranged to transport our black men to and from, the black women supported them. Although this was only for the men and there was some that were unable to attend, they previewed it live on television. This along with other black movements will go down in history.

This march was held to bring all the black men together in peace and educate them. Many times, we may hear people say that this is the white man's world and a black person will never get ahead. Well, that is not true. This world does not belong to the white man it belongs to God. I agree it may be hard for blacks to get ahead. However, one needs to know how to get ahead. This march helped the blacks as a race see where they were going wrong and what they need to do to correct themselves. I hope this march helped some of our people realize what type of world they are living in. It is time that blacks take a stand.

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I have come to notice many racist people, black and white, are not well educated. However, they tend to think they are because their skin is a certain color. To be as smart as they claim to be, they are not aware of the ignorance racism brings about. They do not understand the problems it brings forth in our society. If they were actually educated, they would find a way to get rid of the problem.

Many racist people do not understand how ignorant they sound when they say the reason they hate blacks is their skin color. They call them niggers and try to degrade them to the best of their ability. As being an African American, I do not get offended. Many of them do not know what a nigger is. They use the word as if it was another way of saying black. If they knew the proper definition, they would realize from their foolish behavior that they are prime examples of the word.

When many people think about racism, they simply think about someone not liking a group of people because of skin color or their cultural background. No one actually thinks about the other things that go along with it. We are all human and I feel that everyone, despite race, color, or cultural background deserves the same amount of respect.

Racism is very deep. It goes further than calling someone a nigger or a redneck. Churches have been burned to the ground, as well as homes, and people have been beaten and/or killed. While watching a talk show about racism, many whites say that blacks burn down their own churches just so they can blame it on them. However, what about the time when whites would only spend three days in jail for raping and beating a little child of black color. Many feel they do not deserve that. Whites have been able to get away with many things just because of their color. Things of this nature still go on today.

Many people are racist because they were either taught or raised that way. Some may have also had a bad experience with a person of a different race. Many whites do not want to see others get ahead; they feel they are the dominant race. They feel they are better than everyone else and no one deserves to have as much as them. Although they may not have finished high school or went to college, they feel that they are more educated than those who have finished school and have a degree.

Racism is not something you are born with; it is something you learn. For many people, racism was taught in the home. Parents teach their children to hate people of another race. They teach them to say bad things and call people bad names. Are these parents right for teaching their children to hate? They may think so because this may be the exact way they were raised. However, it is wrong. Children should be able to make their own decisions about whether they want to like or dislike people of other races. The reason most parents teach this is that they know if they do not instill this hatred into their children, mostlikely, they will not have a problem with people of other races. Some parents go as far as threatening to disown or kill their children if they see them with a person of black color.

There are many of us, who are still trying to figure out why the white race is considered, to some, as the dominant race. Many whites feel they are superior and they deserve the best. Because blacks were once slaves, owned by them do we not deserve to live compatible and/or better than them. Times have changed the world has changed, when will people change?

America is a country that consists of people of many races, colors, and cultures. Hating a group of people is not going to make them disappear. It is surely not going to make life any easier for you or much harder for them. What we all need to do is realize that we are in this world together and learn to deal with it.

Racism is not something that will eventually go away. It has been a part of our world since one can remember. There have been several blacks who stood up for our race to try to make it as equal as others. Such as Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcom X, and Minister Louis Farrakhan, to name a few. These strong black men stood up for what they believed in to help blacks educate themselves and be strong. Although many blacks may know of these people, they do not know the things they went through for our race.

Martin Luther King, Jr. spoke out so that we would have freedom. Freedom is one of the rights we have today. If it were not for Mr. King, where would we be? Minister Farrakhan spoke at the Million Man March. He helped the black race realize where they were going wrong and what they need to do to get on track. Malcom X tried to educate us and teach us about the society that we are living in today. We need more strong leaders, whether they are black or white. We need someone to speak out to the people and let them know that we are all in this world together.

While reading Gordon Allport's book "The Nature of Prejudice," I noticed that he talked about the feelings of prejudice and non-prejudice people. He stated also that prejudice people feel they are superior. Many non-prejudice people feel there is only one race, the human race. If non-prejudice people can learn to deal with the world the way it is, I am sure prejudice people can do the same.

When will we realize it is not what is on the outside that matters it is what is inside. We need to stop treating people as if they do not deserve to be on this planet. We are all the same. We may have differences in our personality but as a race there is no difference.

"Racism demeans both the hated and the hater, because racists, in denying full humanity to others, fail to humanity in themselves. Like tribalism, fundamentalism, homophobia and all other shallow responses of one person to another, racism concentrates on WHAT you are, and ignores WHO you are. Racism sees only the label--not the person wearing it. Racism loves "us" and hates "them", without ever discovering the true identity of "them". Racism, like cruelty, is nothing more than a failure of the imagination,"

Please note that this sample paper on racism is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on racism, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on racism will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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