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Chinese I Examination
How useful is the article, Childless Couples for understanding contemporary Chinese social attitudes?
In the hope of determining how useful the article Childless Couples is in helping to understand contemporary Chinese social attitudes it is necessary to investigate different sources relating to both modern and traditional Chinese social attitudes. After reading this article thoroughly and other relative materials, this paper will proceed to argue that although Childless Couples does raise the valid modern social concerns of the diminishing role of the family in Chinese society, it can only be considered of limited use in helping to understand the contemporary Chinese social attitudes. The article does not comment on social attitudes as a whole, but instead choses to focus on just one, the role of the family. This is of great social significance but in order for the article to be of true use it should consider a wider range of social issues and contain a more detailed account. Thus, in supporting the argument that this article is of limited use in helping to understand modern Chinese social attitudes it is most relevant to focus particularly on the issue at hand, the change in family structure in China. By briefly evaluating the information in the article Childless Couples a solid basis for argument can be formed. The article is given a personal edge by focusing on a member of the public, Wendy Chen and provides a seemingly balanced piece with segments on statistics, traditional family values and a reflective paragraph to close. However, it is necessary to reiterate the way in which this article excludes other social issues from this account of how attitudes have changed from traditional to contemporary China. This is what prevents this seemingly well-constructed argument from being truly useful in helping to understand modern Chinese social attitudes.
The article Childless Couples was written by a journalist for the Shanghai Star in March of 00. The article is based upon a recently married Chinese couple, and more particularly Wendy Chen, the bride. Opposing strong social Chinese traditions, Chen announced to her family after their wedding day that she and her new husband would not be having children. Wendy Chen felt that she was …still so young and have a lot of things to do. Every day we are busy with our business and we have no time to bring up a child. I would have to quit my job to give my baby a really quality life. (http//www.chinadaily.com) This decision created great friction with her parents and parents-in-law, but it is more so the reasons behind the choice that is of interest, in this case. A recent survey conducted by the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, felt that the joys of motherhood were out weighed by having a baby that would supposedly …consume energy, affect work quality, reduce economic power and upset the romantic world of a couple. (http//www.chinadaily.com) These attitudes that were gathered from the Chinese public were very different to the traditional social views on family structure and the importance of creating an extended family. (M.E. Sharpe, Case Studies in the Social Sciences pp. 4). The true extent of how different the views of Mrs Chen are to traditional Chinese social views is perhaps not made as clear in this article, but instead is realised when considering another source, such as Sharpes Social Issues account. Although the article does mention that for thousands of years, to have a baby was the most important task of any newly organised family (http//www.chinadaily.com) it is after reading Sharpes account of Traditional Family Organisation that Childless Couples appears lacking in detail and thus of limited use for helping to understand contemporary social attitudes in China.
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We realise through Sharpes work that late imperial Chinese society placed a great amount of significance upon the role of the family. The family was considered the basic working unit of the Chinese economy, a de-emphasis of the hereditary status relationships so common in other peasant societies (M.E.Sharpe, Case Studies in the Social Sciences pp. -4) and the role of developing a more fluid social system with considerable leniency for upward and downward movement, in terms of families not individuals (et al). It was believed by Chinese public that well-balanced, happy families were essential in order to maintain a steady social and political balance. It is clear that through looking at Sharpes account of the importance of the traditional family role, the article Childless Couples could have perhaps used more information and from a number of different sources to strengthen and make clearer the point of the article.
It is interesting to note the conflicting views of the newly wed couple and their parents. The parents are seen to be anxious to have grandchildren but Chen doesnt feel confident that they can support a family just yet (http//www.chinadaily.com). Chens parents, a generation older think this is nonsense and compare the income they raised their family on to what this couple lives on now. Their total income has reached over 10 000 yuan per month her mother states. When she was a child, our income was only a few dozen yuan. (http//www.chinadaily.com). This is illustrative of the change in social attitudes towards standard of living and perhaps voices a difference in what modern parents aspire to provide for their children. This statement gains more meaning when Chinas fear of economic crisis is considered. This idea of being financially viable to support a child can be better understood through Aijmers piece, as it is explained that throughout history it was the richer families that had a far greater success rate of raising their children to maturity. It was the poorer families that had a huge infant mortality rate. Therefore, although Childless couples does bring this social issue to our attention, it is through other sources that we are able to better understand where this attitude.
It was traditional believed that a child is the key to a family (http//www.chinadaily.com) and it is from this brief statement that it can be noted that attitudes and priorities have changed from generation to generation. The article Childless couples does make clear that issues surrounding family structure and its importance do exist and that attitudes towards this matter have in fact changed. However, it must be pointed out that in order to gain a better understanding, a more thorough account with information of how and to what extent modern social attitudes have changed, should be provided. It is only from reading a wider range of sources that we can gather evidence to help us truly understand and appreciate contemporary Chinese social attitudes. It is in looking at Cohens work that we can put reason behind this idea that Childless couples raises but fails to explain completely, leaving this contemporary social attitude no better understood than before. The idea is of the reluctance of new Chinese couples to produce the traditionally large families, which can be linked to the new business and working classes that were introduced in the late nineteenth century. This reduced the appeal of large families to this new prospect of economic recovery and even prosperity. This new prospects of working in larger organisations reduced the significance of the extended family and instead encouraged brothers to separate and wives to accept subordination (Cohen, M.L 18, pp. ).
It is vital to now discuss issues that have not been mentioned in Childless couples that have had an undisputable impact on contemporary Chinese social views. During the Mao Zedong age, Chinese women were expected to have up to 10 children. Reproduction of such a huge scale was considered a defensive resource for the country if the enemy comes, he will be drowned by the saliva of us (http//www.chinadaily.com). This responded in a huge increase in pressure on the countrys resources and as a means of controlling and attempting to stabilise the countrys economy again, birth control policies were introduced such as the one child policy (Aijmer, G. 11 pp. 11). This policy, obviously allowed one child per family. It wasnt until 186 that rural families were allowed to have two children, if the first child was a daughter. This shows two extremes of the producing of Chinese families, from being encouraged to have multiple and then to just 1 and more recently, as suggested in Childless couples now none. The introduction of the DINK (Double Income No Kids) concept has taken strongly to young Chinese couples. It is when considering the past traditions and policies effecting family structure that this social attitude becomes better understood.
In conclusion, it can be said that Childless couples is of limited use in helping to understand contemporary Chinese social attitudes. This article only confronts one social issue, although it is a significant one. In order to be of great usefulness it would have to confront other important social issues as well. Childless couples does bring tackle various angles of the family structure debate and appears a well structured, giving information on statistics, personal views relating to this issue and a brief history. However, other peoples work, such as Sharpe, Cohen and Aijmir help put these modern day attitudes in context and perspective to the history of Chinas on going battle with family structure. It becomes evident that mentioning events leading up to these modern day attitudes would have allowed the reader an undoubtedly better understanding of these attitudes.
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