"A Midsummer Night's Dream": Rude Mechanicals versus William Shakespeare in Understanding an Audience's Capacity for Imagination

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A Midsummer Nights Dream is one of Shakespeares earlier comedies and as with his others, he appeals to a very broad audience. In doing so, he relies upon his audience to use their imagination in obligatory ways. For example, Shakespeare simply adds a line "it is night" into his character's dialogue and the audience, upon hearing these words, is expected to "see" the darkness on stage. Utilizing this technique many times over in his plays, Shakespeare offers up the impression that he anticipates his audience's ability to use their imagination with comparative ease. In contrast, the rude mechanicals consisting of Bottom the weaver and an assembly of his friends, go into the woods to rehearse their own play (Pyramus and Thisbe) and seem to repeatedly miscalculate their audiences ability to make use of imagination.

Subsequently, Act III Scene I opens with the rude mechanicals discussing the ability of the audience to handle the character Pyramus getting killed with a sword. They do not think that the audience will be able to tolerate it, especially the ladies in the audience Therefore, the rude mechanicals solution to this difficulty is to change the scene by writing in a prologue. Bottom says, "Write me in a prologue, and let the prologue seem to say we will do no harm with our swords and that Pyramus is not killed; indeed for the more better assurance, tell them that I , Pyramus, am not Pyramus, but Bottom the weaver. This will put them out of fear." (.1. 15-1)

In contrast, Shakespeare feels no such need to coddle his audience. Shakespeare's characters uninhibitedly execute all sorts of slaughter, carnage and assassination and never once turns to the audience to say - "Oh, I am just an actor, therefore, do not be alarmed by the events on stage." It would ruin the performance and the fun, such is what happens to the rude mechanicals later when the audience is less than delighted with their performance.

Likewise, the rude mechanicals run into a predicament when they realize that there is a part in the play that requires moonlight. Unfortunately they lack the belief that the audience will be able to go along with this idea without actually seeing moonlight, so they look for a physical prop to illustrate this. One of the rude mechanicals, Snout says, "Doth the moon shine that night we play our play?" (.1) Consequently when they look at a calendar they are elated to find that the moon indeed will be out that night to light their play.

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Shakespeare, instead of depending on props at all to support his assertion of time or place, simply provides a note of this in his actors' conversations or actions. They say things like, "It is dark." or act like they are sleeping to portray night time, or to show a place characters merely make mention of it, "I am in Egypt." Another example of this is the rude mechanicals rehearsing their play in the woods. Shakespeare lets his audience know this (the stage never changes) when Quince says, "Pat, pat; and here's a marvelous convenient place for our rehearsal. This green plot shall be our stage, this hawthorn brake our tiring-house and we will do it in action as we will do it before the duke."(.1.1-5) In this way Shakespeare persuades the audience with a few choice descriptions to glimpse this wood, so green and with a thicket and trees, and not just any thicket but a hawthorn which creates a excellent picture in the spectators mind.

Again, in such a way Lysander says to Hermia early in the play when she is upset , "How now, my love? Why is your cheek so pale? How chance the roses there do fade so fast."(1.1) I can picture Hermia's paleness even today as I read the play without having to actually see it on her face. Similarly, in act II there is a narrative of the seasons that is incredibly vivid, "The seasons alter hoary-headed frosts Fall in the fresh lap of the crimson rose, And on old hiems thin and icy crown An odorous chaplet of sweet summer buds"(.1.107-110) These are visual descriptions in which everyone can relate. All have experienced the change of seasons and as a result, the audience within their imagination, becomes a part of the play encountering the seasons with the actors while gazing at the same plain stage.

In much the same way the rude mechanicals believe that the audience will experience the actions on stage as actual events and in view of this fact they seek to tone down the proceedings on stage. There is a lion in the play which Bottom and the rude mechanicals believe if he roars too loudly it will frighten audience and so they decide to restrain it. Bottom says, "I grant you, friends, if you should frighten the ladies out of their wits thy would have no discretion but to hang us, but I will aggravate my voice so that I will roar you as gently as any suckling dove." (.1.65-68) Furthermore, in this same line of thinking, both Shakespeare and the rude mechanicals belief in their audience's capacity for imagination is so strong they have no trouble considering the audience ability of envisioning a man dressed in woman's clothing, wearing a mask as an genuine woman .

As mentioned earlier, Shakespeare relies completely upon his audience to use their imagination to follow descriptions which generate images that they must accept to achieve any sort of believability in the play itself. In contrast, the rude mechanicals suspect that they must carry the audience to the image using physical elements conveyed on stage. They do not have as much faith in the audience's ability to think for themselves or suspend their disbelief for a moment to wander across a grassy meadow with an actors narrative.

Works Cited

Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. Gen. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York. W W Norton & Company, 17.

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The consequences of spanking as a form of discipline

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The issue of spanking as a form of discipline has come under harsh scrutiny in the past decade when physical discipline in some schools was still taking place. The debate took on a personal tone when one was confronted as to what their own beliefs were. Many studies have been done on the effects of spanking and other forms of physical discipline on children. These studies focus on a broad context of issues that are crucial in providing a better understanding of this topic. Other factors such as genetics, environment, parent- child relationships, and the severity of the punishment must all be considered when making a general hypothesis about this controversial topic.

Upon first mention of the spanking issue, most people initially refer to their personal experiences from childhood. Beyond the automatic recollection of how they felt about the experience, it is important to evaluate how it shaped their development. In most cases, people do not remember their experiences with spanking as positive. Individual responses differ according to the severity and the how often physical discipline was enforced. It is from these past experiences that we often draw our own conclusions regarding spanking. By considering its long term affects, either positive or negative, most people then determine their stand on this issue based on how it affected them.

Since there is no universal standard on how spanking should be done, there is a fine line between discipline and physical abuse that raises many questions. How much is

too much? In what context should it be used? Is there a cutoff age when other forms of discipline should be applied? How often can it occur before it is considered abuse?

These are just some important questions that many people, along with myself have about this issue that are hard to address due to differing personal beliefs.

Based on evidence and my own beliefs, I believe spanking is not an acceptable form of discipline. Parental figures are the most influential role models in a child's life. They provide an environment in which the child learns and mimics behaviors they are taught to perceive as normal. What lesson are we teaching them when we use physical aggressiveness to solve problems? Instead of addressing the problem in a positive non- physical way such as talking it out, time out, lost privileges, etc…, children are taught that physical behavior is acceptable when confronted with a stressful situation.

Spanking is a shortcut in resolving a problem that would have been better addressed using non- physical tactics which children can learn from and apply to similar situations in the future.

In studies examining the effect of physical discipline on children, most arrive at the hypotheses that harsh discipline promotes aggressive behavior in children. It has also been noted that inconsistent discipline further enhances this. Harsh discipline in eight year old boys was an important predictor of the early onset of delinquency (Farrington & Hawkins, 11). This is only one example of the many studies in where harsh discipline directly affects the aggressive behavior of the child, which continues to be apparent throughout life.

There is no way to monitor the way a parent disciplines a child in their own home. Even if rules were applied to spanking, it would be almost impossible to enforce them. I believe that physical discipline should not be permitted by any means. There is too much at stake regarding the normal development of our children to gamble with this sensitive issue. There are many other effective ways of dealing with discipline problems that teach the children how to evaluate a situation and then take the proper action instead of impulsively relying on physical solutions. Dealing with these problems in an alternative more positive way takes more time and effort on the parent's behalf. Many parents simply do not think they have the time, or are just following their parents' example and applying it to their own children without thinking of the long term consequences it might have.

Society as a whole needs to acknowledge that effective discipline can be enforced with out the use of physical tactics. We are led to believe that physical discipline is the most effective way based on past theories and practices that are extremely outdated and have proved to have lasting negative consequences. Through education, we can learn how to deal with discipline problems in children that do not require aggressiveness and intimidation to be effective. Through communication, parents and children are more likely able to resolve a problem than when it is not discussed and impulsive action is taken. By understanding why what they have done is wrong and why they are being punished, children come away from the situation better equipped to make decisions in the future based on what they have learned.

Although it is hard to keep this rational view in complicated situations, sometimes due a child's temperament, it is crucial rise above and realize that the child is learning from your behavior and does not have the knowledge or skills to effectively deal with a problem. Hitting and spanking only make the child and parent feel worse about themselves and do not accomplish anything except a temporary solution. In most cases the child is not sat down and explained to why they are being punished in a physical manner. Whereas in alternative methods such as grounding a child from certain activities, the child has a better understanding as to why the are loosing privileges because it often involves a more rational discussion about the problem after the fact addressing the issues.

Hopefully, more attention will be drawn to this subject so parents can look at the facts and make an educated decision on how to discipline their children. By doing so, many will realize that the most employed method is not necessarily the best. Through these alternative methods, we are contributing a positive lesson to the normal development while still applying discipline. Enough of a child's experiences in development our out of a parents' control. In an already tough world, it only makes sense to provide your children with positive, enriching experiences that will help instead of hinder their development. By not using physical tactics in discipline, parents are not only setting a good example, but are also taking a negative situation and making it a valuable learning experience that the child will carry with them throughout life.

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"Murder in Greenwich"

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Mark Fuhrman's book, "Murder in Greenwich," is a story about a murder that had been unsolved for twenty-seven years. In the book, Mark Fuhrman sets up the vivid crime scene to give the reader a good picture of exactly what happened on Halloween night 175 in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Martha was fairly new to Greenwich, but already she was very popular with her classmates, especially with the boys. There were two boys in particular Thomas and Michael Skakel. Thomas was 17, and Michael was 15 (Martha's age). These boys were two sons of Rushton Skakel, a very wealthy man who was related to the Kennedy's through his sister's (Ethel Skakel) marriage to Bobby Kennedy. On October 0, 175, Martha and a several of her friends decided to go out for what was supposed to be a night of harmless fun. After meeting up with Helen Ix and Geoffrey Byrne, they went to the Skakel's around nine. Michael Skakel, Martha, Helen, and Geoff sat in the Lincoln and listened to music for a while. Thomas Skakel came out of the house looking for a tape in the car. Instead of taking it and leaving, he got into the front seat with Martha and Michael and began to put the moves on Martha. Michael watched as his older, bigger brother put the moves on the girl that they were both interested in. Around 0, the party inside the house began to break up. Jim Terrien, a cousin of the Skakel's, had been there all evening and was ready to go home, so Rush Skakel, Jr., John Skakel, and Jim came out to tell everyone to get out of the car so that they could go to the Terrien's. Michael decided that he wanted to go, so he asked Martha to come with him. She refused and told him that she had to go home. Everyone left except for Thomas and Martha. Helen and Geoff reported that they saw Thomas and Martha flirting, roughhousing, and eventually kissing as they were leaving. That was the last time they would see their friend Martha.

At the Moxley house, Dorothy was upstairs painting when she heard unfriendly voices around 0 through a closed window and dogs barking loudly, so she went to look out the window but saw nothing. The next morning, Shelia McGuire found the body of Martha Moxley. She immediately ran to the Moxley home, where she told Jean Walker. Jean was a neighbor who was over trying to help Dorothy figure out where Martha was. At this time, the police were called.

It was apparent that Martha had been murdered using a golf club that was found to belong to the Skakel's. The Greenwich police had no clue how to handle a murder. The body was not watched carefully. Many people viewed and moved the body before a medical examiner even saw it. Others tampered with evidence. The whole thing was actually unorganized due to a lack of knowledge of how to handle a homicide. It had been years since Greenwich had to deal with such a thing. Fuhrman blames much of why the case was not solved on the incompetence of the police.

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The Skakel family was very cooperative at first, until the cops began to focus in on Thomas Skakel as the main suspect. Fuhrman suggests in the book that it was not Thomas, but Michael who committed the murder. The only problem in determining this is how the Greenwich Police Department investigated the crime. The case became cold quickly and unsolved.

Mark Fuhrman, an investigator for many years in the LAPD, does show his skills and dedication as a detective as he writes this book. His concern for Martha Moxley and her family is evident. Fuhrman is given virtually no support by the Greenwich, Connecticut Police Department and others involved with the case refuse to talk to him, ostensibly because the case is still open. Fuhrman is persistently determined in his efforts to dig up information and shed some new light on this case, a case that by all rights should have been much more simple than it became.

Fuhrman places much of the blame on the Greenwich Police Department. This police force was comprised primarily of detectives that had never investigated a homicide before. Evidence was bungled from the start. The victims body was not properly handled, witnesses not properly interviewed, evidence carelessly collected and stored. The Skakel family, while initially cooperative, became less so as the focus narrowed in on one of their own.

Mark Fuhrman goes to great length to detail this investigation, but I find his writing to be a bit dry (despite his obvious enthusiasm for the subject matter). I also dislike the way he jumps back & forth between the various timelines in the case. Even so, the book does give a great understanding of the case. I had actually never heard anything about this murder until this book brought it to my attention. It was very insightful in helping me understand how cops can mess up an investigation and, therefore; it never gets solved.

Fuhrman is also quite clear in outlining how and why he comes to his conclusions. I did find, however, that this book read more like a textbook or crime manual than it did a true crime story. It was rather on the dry side and Fuhrman frequently restated his points, which I found annoying. This technique also made me feel as though I was re-reading entire paragraphs & pages of text, again annoying.

One nice aspect of the book is that Fuhrman does a good job of dispensing with police jargon - sometimes a problem when a former investigator writes a book. He also does not over simplify things. He pretty much assumes that someone reading this book will have a basic grasp of true crime & investigative procedures, and goes on from there.

Mark Fuhrman did quite a good job on the investigative angle, especially considering the difficulty he had finding relevant documents or someone willing to speak with him openly about the case. He does lead the reader to some startling new evidence and some new conclusions. In retrospect, seeing that a Grand Jury was convened & Michael Skakel was charged with murder (as a juvenile) following the publishing of the book, one can assume that Fuhrman was definitely headed in the right direction.

In conclusion, the book started off very intriguing. About midway through, it became very redundant and dry. Still, overall, I was impressed with Mark Fuhrman's detective skills. He was able to actually make a good, strong case naming Micheal Skakel as the murderer twenty-five years later; something that the Greenwich police couldn't even do right after the crime took place. It makes you wonder what the Greenwich Police Department was trying to cover up.

Works Cited

Fuhrman, Mark. Murder in Greenwich. HarperCollins. 1.

Works Cited

Fuhrman, Mark. Murder in Greenwich. HarperCollins. 1.

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Much Ado About Teenagers

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Much Ado About Teenagers

Parents today have a difficult job raising teenagers and teenagers have a difficult dealing with their parents. As teenagers try to be independent, parents want to know what they are doing and whom they are with at all times. Teenagers struggle with moodiness, depression, peer pressure, and love. Things were not much different in the Shakespearian era as told in the story of Romeo and Juliet. They may have talked different than we do today, but they still struggled with the same issues.

Romeo and Juliet is a classic story about how love and being a teenager do not go together. Teenagers think that the first person they fall in love with will last forever and nothing else in the world matters. Romeos first love interest comes when he meets Rosaline. Romeo's mom wants to know where he is and Benvolio reports that Romeo has been walking around by himself. Romeo has been secluding himself from everyone.

Later, Benvolio sees Romeo and is determined to find out why Romeo is acting like this. Benvolio speaks to Romeo, "What sadness lengthens Romeo's hours" (I,1,8)? Benvolio finds out the Romeo is in love with a girl named Rosaline. The problem is that Rosaline will not respond to Romeo's advances. Romeo reports to Benvolio that "she'll not be hit/ with Cupid's arrow, she hath Dian's wit/; and, in strong proof of chastity will arm'd/ from love's weak childish bow she lives unharm'd (I,1,10)." This scene happens to every teenager one time or another. They walk around in complete dazes and daydream. We become moody and take it out on others. Benvolio tries to help Romeo by telling him that "be ruled by me, forget to think of her (I,1,11)." Romeo responds by saying, "O, teach me how I should forget to think (I,1,11)." There is a party being given by Capulet. Benvolio suggests Romeo go to this party and find Rosaline. Benolio suggests he "examine other beauties" and compare them to Rosaline. This is typical behavior of teenagers. Friends help each other out and tell them there are other "fish in the sea."

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As the two friends enter the party, Benvolio and Mercutio try to cheer Romeo up. by lightening the mood with vulgar jokes and jests about Queen Mab. He goes on and on …"This is that very Mab/ that plats the manes of horses in the night/, and bakes the elflocks in foul ######## hairs/, this is the hag, when maids lie on their backs…(I,5,.) Many teenagers will ramble and mumble on about nothing. They try to cheer their friends up by talking down about people and telling them they are not as good as you my think they are. This usually makes them feel better. As the friends walk around, Romeo sees Juliet and immediately falls in love. Well, isn't this typical of teenagers. So much for Rosaline, she is instantly forgotten. If his friends asked him about Rosaline now, he would say Rosaline who? Romeo asks a servant "what lady is that, which doth /enrich the hand/ of yonder knight (I,4,4)? Romeo and Juliet talk the night away and Romeo states, "then move not, while my prayer's effect I take/. Thus from my lips, by yours, my sin is purged" (I,5,6). Juliet responds with "then have my lips the sin that they have took (I,5,6). The two kiss and immediately fall in love. We must ask ourselves, since these are teenagers, is this love or lust? Do teenagers, at their age, know what love is? Romeo just had a crush on Rosaline and now he is in LOVE with Juliet?

Romeo weds Juliet. Juliet is awaiting Romeo's return so they can have their wedding night. The Nurses arrives to tell Juliet that Romeo has been banished for killing Tybalt. The nurse tells Juliet where Romeo is hiding. Juliet leaves at once to go to Romeo so they can consummate their marriage. This is so different they today's ideals. Teenagers today, for many, have sex before marriage. Teenagers also struggle with the fact that to have someone love you, you must have sex. Romeo and Juliet meet and are "officially" married. The Friar tells Romeo he must leave and Juliet urges him to do so. Juliet calls upon the Friar to come up with a plan. "Tell me not, friar, that thou hear'st of this/, unless thou tell me how I may prevent it (IV,1,84). The plan has Juliet swallow a potion that will make her appear death-like. "Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself, then it is likely thou wilt undertake a thing like death to chide away this shame, that copest with death himself to scape from it and, if thou darest, I'll give thee remedy (IV,1,85). Teenagers act on emotions and do not sit down and logically think things out until it's too late. We can predict that this is not going to be a smart move on Juliet's part. Romeo was to receive a letter from Friar Lawrence explaining the situation. However, he does not receive the letter and assumes Juliet is actually dead. Teenagers must be patient and not jump to conclusion. They have not the experience to deal with such issues. Romeo picks up the potion and drinks "O true apothecary! Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die" (Act V, Scene , Pg 104). Romeo dies and Juliet awakens. When Juliet sees what has taken place she is very distraught. She picks up Romeo's dagger and says, "this is thy sheath"(Act V, Scene , Pg 107) and stabs herself. Juliet dies beside Romeo's body. These types of relationships happen all too often. There are stories of teenagers who do a murder/suicide. Teenagers and parents must work together to listen to each other. If the two families had not been feuding, then Romeo and Juliet would not have had to hide their relationship. Also, if Romeo and Juliet would have communicated better and had more trust in each other, they both would be alive. Teenagers today have to experience a lot in life before tackling a thing called "love".

In the Shakespearian Era it was expected that you marry in your teenage years or you would become an "old maid". Today, teenagers are waiting until their thirties to plunge into the marriage thing. Today, teenagers are surer of themselves than Romeo and Juliet were of themselves. Many teenagers today would marry whether their parents got along or not. We don't hear much anymore about families like the Capulet's and the Montague's not talking or communicating. We are more tolerating in today's society. Juliet's parents were to choose her future husband. Teenagers would not tolerate that in this era. There are many similarities with today's teenagers and Romeo and Juliet. However, as outlined above, teenagers today struggle with so much more than simply deciding how to hide a marriage from their parents.

Please note that this sample paper on Much Ado About Teenagers is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Much Ado About Teenagers, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Much Ado About Teenagers will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Stolen generation

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REPORT

1.0Procedures

1.1 Gathered information regarding my topic. Resources included three novels, Earth by Bruce Pascoe, Long time now by Alf Taylor and Shark by Bruce Pascoe. Three short stories including, The rainbow serpent by James Cowan, Gularabulu by Paddy Roe and The stolen generation by Justin Healey. There is also a list of other sources found in the bibliography at the back of the report.

1. Wrote letters to the Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander commission, the Indigenous affairs Minister (the Hon A J Carpenter), and to the department of Indigenous affairs.

1. Designed a survey, which I then asked a variety of questions on the topic of "The Aboriginal Society" to a range of different aged people.

1.4 Reviewed notes, surveys and other information that I have accumulated regarding my topic to produce this report.

.0Objectives

.1 To understand the views of society's attitude towards Australia's indigenous people.

. To try and find a solution to rectify societies negative attitudes.

. To help people have a better understanding of the aboriginal culture, in aim to eliminate racism in our country.

.0Nature & Extent Of The Problem

.1 Aboriginal people were living in Australia for at least 50,000 years before the European Settlers arrived, their entire way of life was perfectly suited to the land in which they lived, and they enjoyed a rich culture.

. The Europeans invaded the country and took over by appointing a Government making new laws and leasing or setting the land for farming and mining. Within the first few decades of the arrival of Europeans, the life of many aboriginal Australians was being rapidly changed. The settlers thought the indigenous people to be ignorant and their habitat primitive. The expansion of European occupation created conflict all along the way. The invasion of the land created battles with many being murdered. The population decreased from 5,000-80,000 in 1788. According to the Europeans law the land belonged to Britain. Aboriginal people fiercely resisted the theft of their land. Without the land, their culture and traditions of Aboriginal people were severely limited. Surviving Aboriginals were taken as slaves to be nurses, maids, kitchen hands, stockmen and the children adopted out to be raised in the European way. Their wages were often paid in goods such as beef, flour, tea or tobacco and the conditions were harsh.

. In Australia's most recent census, 5 000 people (two per cent of the total Australian population) chose to identify themselves as aboriginal. When the first Europeans arrived in Australia in 1788, estimates placed the total number of Aboriginal people in the land at approximately that same figure around 50 000. It has taken over 00 years for the number of Aboriginal people in Australia to return to what it was before European occupation. In the same time, the number of non-Aboriginal people in Australia has increased from a few hundred to many millions. As you can see many facts and figures show the hardship that most Aboriginal people have suffered and still face today. Time has improved many things but still with less access to education than other groups within the Australian population, they tend to have fewer opportunities to achieve economic independence and their health being numbered the worst rate in this country. Racism is a significant problem that continues to disadvantage many aboriginal people. It is often a major factor in a lack of success in education.

4.0 Present Assistance

4.1 There are many organisations and centres available today. Aboriginals now have a Minister of Indigenous Affairs, Indigenous Land Corporation, Department of Indigenous Affairs, Indigenous Education and a Health system in place. In 171 Harold Thomas designed a flag, to celebrate Aboriginal consciousness and pride in their culture, the flag symbolises Aboriginal people and their culture.

4. The first National Sorry day took place on 6th May 18, one year after the report into the stolen generations (the report of National Inquiry into the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families "Bringing Them Home") was released. The Sea of Hands is the largest art installation in Australia. They are installed in major cities and regional centres around Australia and have become a symbol of people's movement for reconciliation.

4. The disappointing thing is even though there is a lot of assistance available, it is the physical and most of all physiological scars of hatred and racism that has nourished over the years, and these feelings are being passed on through the generations. The Indigenous people are fighting for their culture and traditions and at the same time trying to cope with today's modern day world.

5.0Societal Attitudes (surveys)

5.1 I received mixed results in the surveys. Some surveyors were very opinionated, others were supportive of the Aboriginal culture. Though most thought that the government is more lenient towards Aboriginals and that alcohol is more prevalent in the Aboriginal society today.

5. Looking at my results, they were pretty much equal, as the indigenous people today are portrayed as e.g. all bad, alcoholic, criminals. About half of the surveyor's felt that they needed more of an education and discipline to help better themselves.

6.0Conclusion

6.1 Today's society needs to develop a better understanding for the Aboriginal culture and traditions and by this may have a bit more respect for them and their beliefs.

6. Everybody has a right to their own opinion but shouldn't jump to conclusions without understanding the indigenous peoples side of view. We need to remember that Aboriginals are human and that they were here first, had the Indigenous people not been treated so unfairly in the beginning they may not regard the Europeans with such negative attitude and racism as they have generated amongst their families.

6. I firmly believe everybody is equal and that we can learn a lot by being a little more patient and tolerant. Unfortunately the Aboriginals that end up on the wrong side of the law, the media seem to dramatise the issue giving the public more reason to blame their race, when realistically there are a lot of Europeans doing the same thing. Also remembering that most of the European settlers were convicts. Stealing, drug abuse, etc, are, to name a few, the reasons convicts were sent over to Australia, maybe they are to blame for today's Aboriginal society?

6.4 Finally, I think that if everybody encourages a positive attitude towards this countries Indigenous people then the generations to come will not be raised with the negative one we have today.

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Drug problem

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For the past decades the use of illegal drugs has grown at an amazing speed. They are much more commonly used and have become a monumental problem in our society. Despite the laws, illegal drugs are everywhere, available to almost anyone who wants them. Presently, the worldwide trade of illicit drugs is estimated of US $600 billion, which is approximately 8% of international trade. The illegal drugs industry is the second most lucrative in the world other than the military industry. But the damage done to the society cannot be repaired by their profits.

The physical damage done to the drug user is vast. Drugs will cause short-term memory loss, a depression of energy levels, heart and vision problems, poor lung function, changes in sex hormones and a high risk of suffering lung cancer. Drugs will also disrupt the brain's control over the heart, which will cause high blood pressure and lumps in the lung, which will affect the body's ability to breathe. Sometimes an over dose of drugs may even cause a coma resulting in death. Drugs will disrupt the ability to think and act responsibly, will reduce an individual's performance at school, work or home and result in a great loss of self control and self direction. Also the cost to our society to treat drug users is vast. The government needs to provide doctors, hospitals, medicines, as well as the cost of unemployment or sickness benefits. Because of poor health there is also cost to employers who lose workers.

When desire of drugs becomes more important than any other thing, it will destroy family relationships, friendships, interests, goals, etc. The people drug users live with can no longer trust them. As people run out of money, they will lie, steal, rip people off or even threaten to kill to get the needed money to buy drugs.

One of the most serious problems related to drugs is crime. Drugs are never cheap, especially illegal ones like heroin, cocaine and marijuana. On average, an addict will need to spend $500 to $1000 per day to get the desired effects. Unless these people are very rich then the only way to pay is by crime. They steal goods, then sell them or murder people just for the money those people carry. As drugs are becoming a more serious issue, better solutions are needed to reduce the harm that will be done to the society.

Custom Essays on drug problem

In recent years the Australian government has spent millions of dollars providing education about drugs at primary and secondary schools. A $14 million education program has also been planned for the next years. But research shows that the incidence of teenagers taking illegal drugs has not decreased. Drug education began in the 160s. At that time information provided was to deter students with fearful messages by scaring them. By the 180s the education strategy had changed by getting students to develop an unrealistic social skill of resistance to drugs. This taught young people to refuse the offer of drugs. But research has analyzed that lots of drug use is initiated by peer pressure. In my opinion the education in the future will be effective and eliminate some cost to society if it consists of the following parts

ÜEducation must refer to the science of drugs, getting young people to know the uses and effects; they need to know that drug use always carries some risk-no drug can be considered safe;

ÜLetting teenagers know the policy related to drugs; laws on using illegal drugs and dangers of smuggling drugs and consequences if aught.

ÜFinally, education should provide information to reduce drug related health problems. Acquaint students with handling emergency situations, making them familiar with services that provide assistance to drug related problems.

Of course education can't eliminate teenagers using drugs, but it will give them the best chance to reduce harm to themselves and the society. There is a limit that the government can do. But parents can do much more than any others. Lots of parents feel embarrassed to talk about this subject to their kids. Parents should have a good relationship with their children. It's important to let the children be aware of drug offers and not to be frightened to talk to parents about any drug related topics. Parents should know more about their children's friends to ensure they are not in close contact with any drug users. Children should feel secure in being able to talk to their parents. Any loneliness might lead kids to resort to drugs.

Although education plays an important role in reducing harm from drugs, it is also vital to attempt to eliminate illegal drugs from our society. One major part of dealing with drugs is law enforcement, which needs to deal out much harsher punishments. The punishment may include longer prison sentences and seizure of property of drug dealers once caught. This will be a deterrent for the traffickers. There should be harsher punishments for planting, producing and smuggling drugs illegally. In 18, President Bush initiated an $8 billion ¡¥war on drugs' plan in the United States but it failed to reduce illegal drugs. The main reasons for the failure are

ÜHarsher penalties increased the drug prices. This increase promoted people joining the drug trade because of the vast profits.

ÜAlso most drug dealers don't consider the risks involved, they care more about whether they will get caught than the penalties they'll be facing if they are caught.

So unless the detection rate is high, the penalties are not going to deter the dealers. But drug dealers usually plan very well ahead to reduce detections and usually people who are caught are the small workers. The big bosses have many walls of protection around them.

An effective way to catch drug dealers is to introduce a monetary reward for information that leads to the arrest of drug dealers. If the rewards are high enough, even a person's best friend will be traitorous. Also large cash penalties on drug users may have an effect on drug use. If drug buyers knew that they could get a fine of one hundred times the value of what they purchase, their enthusiasm for drugs would decrease. This will result in reduced demand for drugs, which will cut the profits of drug dealers.

On the other side, the government should encourage drug users to have treatment. More money needs to be used for rehabilitation centers. After the treatment government should also assist them in their careers.

There are no simple solutions to stop illegal drugs. A combination of strategies including education and law enforcement are all needed to reduce the cost of drugs to society. This is vital to keep our young people on track.

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How do composers that you have studied express their beliefs about consumerism and what id their purpose in doing so?

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Composers express their beliefs about consumerism in many ways, mediums and styles, due to its power of influence over the majority of the civilization. Bruce Dawe communicates his views and believes through the medium of poems to emphasise the grave reality of consumerism overtaking our social, ethical and moral issues of our culture. His cynical views are brought forward using numerous poetic techniques some being, figurative language, caricature, imagery and epigraph these clearly outline his way of thinking concerning this topic. Such as in the poem 'Enter without so much as knocking' by Dawe, the responders clearly see his incite through the many techniques used by him. Similarly in Breakthrough most his main ideas remain unchanged while new ones are brought out.

Dawe incorporates many of his beliefs and ideas into 'Enter without so much as knocking.' In this poem Dawe talks about a child being born into our consumerist crazed society. Since this is a sequential life poem, we see when he was born and the first thing he heard was Bobby Dazzler. Next see the child as when was young and how he noticed nothing but the stars rather than the driven movie he was watching with his family and was swept off into another realm where consumerism did not dominate. But as time went on he matured, and soon became a part of our "money-hungry back-stabbing miserable so and so" society. Finally Dawe presents us with his unexpected death due to a car accident. Dawe makes a very satirical remark "even adding a healthy tan he'd never had"; this meaning consumerism plays a roll even during the recent time your death. At the end Dawe finishes of by "no parking tickets, no taximeter" "six feet underground nobody interested." By this he means the only know way to escape consumerism is after you have passed on where then you have no significance to the living money hungry world.

One being consumerism attempts to mask human mortality, yet death is inevitable. Bluntly putting man's death cannot be foreseen or unavoided by the consumerist materials he owns or the status he stands in society or the wealth he has accumulated over his years. This is quite distinctly proven by the use of an epigraph. Dawe has written referencing to a biblical phrase "Memento, homo, quia pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris." Denoting, 'remember, man, that thou art dust and into dust will return.' Through the technique of an epigraph Dawe has quite clearly labelled one of his many pessimistic views on consumerisms' effects on society.

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Dawe also makes another very strong and harsh judgment on our society when he indirectly states with the use of caricature and imagery that consumerism dehumanises the individual. Thus stating we are now know for what we own and treasure rather than what we are born with, our individuality and uniqueness. This is clearly shown in the poem 'Enter without so much as knocking', "one Anothy squares cool stream summer weight dad, along with two other kids straight of the junior department rack." This clearly shows how the dad in the poem is being identified by what he wears rather than for who he is and how he behaves, the same goes for the kids, mentioning rather than their innocence and delightfulness they have been recognised as straight out of a rack in a department store meaning they are new and young. Dawe has shown the harshness and severeness of the effect of consumerism on the world we live in today.

Likewise Dawe relates many of the ethical and religious views and believes in his mind which consumerism has creep into and overpowered with reference to a newspaper article. In the poem 'Breakthrough' his points are conveyed by the use of a dying young girl who sings a jingle rather than a prayer on her death bed. "A little girl is reported to have died happily in hospital singing an advertising commercial." An epigraphy is used to again to direct the responder's attention to the key idea, of how innocence has been exploited be consumerism. This little girl knew nothing other than a jingle showing how little ethical and religious influence she has been exposed to, and presenting how much consumerism has not only infiltrated the lives of adults but now has also triumphed over children.

Similarly another point Dawe highlights is the fact that in his views consumerism has reached the heavens and beyond. This really is an insult to the rest of us, as it us who have helped achieve this. He portrays this with the use of imagery and figurative language. "Storm out angels, backed up by guitars, take up the theme earth's loss in heaven's gain…" Firstly angels are accompanied by harps melodies instruments signifying peace, love, unity in contrast to guitar which is a very earthly instrument. Then a slogan relating to consumerism 'earth's loss in heaven's gain' gives a direct link that consumerism has gone one level up.

"And downy soft is draped around the stars." Dawe is presenting a serious insult to the heavens, as downy soft being a brand of toilet paper. When toilet paper is used for decoration it's normally a sign of offence but he has used sophisticated language 'draped' adding a sarcastic touch to it to show that consumerism has now also infiltrated the heavens.

As we can see Dawe's satirical views and believes on how ravage consumerism is, and how destructive it has become over the years to our existence, and yet we are oblivious to it and abide by its way of life. Dawe on the other hand has become conscious to its doing and has chosen to act, via the medium of poems with the help of poetic techniques to inform the civilised world of what has been happing to us and all our lives.

Written by

Ramana Kirubagaran

Yr 1 English

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