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Abortion
Abortions are very controversial in the world today because of many people's beliefs on fetuses rights to life. Two philosophers in particular argue on the subject regarding abortions morality. Warren believes abortions are permissible in most cases on grounds that a fetus is not a person because it fails each category of what constitutes a person. On the other hand, Noonan's main argument is that since it is wrong to kill innocent human beings and fetuses are innocent human beings then it is wrong to kill fetuses. Noonan's argument is completely faulty in assuming that fetuses are innocent human beings when in fact this is the moral issue at hand.
Noonan first wants to define who is human. He states that at the moment of conception a fetus becomes a human being with a full right to life born to two human parents. He argues that at conception there is a sharp increase in the probability of a fetus becoming a person. The reasoning is there is roughly contains 00 million sperm in one ejaculation. The odds of a sperm coming in contact with a female ovum are therefore 1 in 00 million. But let's say that the egg becomes fertilized, then the chances of a new being developing jumps to a 4 out of 5 probability. This is why Noonan makes the claim that at conception a fetus becomes a human being because the chances of it forming into a human increases sharply. To illustrate his argument, Noonan presents an example of a man hiding behind a bush and someone shooting at the bush. If there were a 1 in 00 million chance that the movement hiding behind the bushes was really a person, then for the most part people would not hold you accountable for shooting the man. But, if the chance there is a man behind the bush is 4 out of 5, people would be more likely to blame you for shooting the man. This comparison Noonan makes is completely unrelated. We are looking at someone currently hiding in a bush versus someone who will become a person in nine months. No person is going to buy this analogy if they do not believe a fetus is a person in the first place. The second argument Noonan presents says that a fetus at conception receives a certain genetic code unique to humans and since a being with a human genetic code is human then a fetus is a human at conception. Noonan fails to recognize that certain individuals do not possess the same genetic code as others. For example, a person with Down syndrome carries an extra copy of chromosome 1 so they do not possess the exact genetic code particular to humans. Does this mean that they are not human? Of course not, but Noonan forgets that some people have different genetic codes than others due to mutations at birth. Therefore, this argument is infallible because it does not acknowledge genetic differences in people.
Now we shall move on to how Noonan defines the term human. He does not distinguish which sense, moral or genetic, he is speaking of in his argument that it is wrong to kill innocent human beings and fetuses are innocent human beings then it is wrong to kill fetuses. If human being is used in the same sense then one of the two premises is question begging. Noonan assumes what he claims to be proving in one of his premises. On the other hand, if he uses different senses then the conclusion does not follow. The first part, "it is wrong to kill an innocent human being," is a moral truth if a human being is used to mean a "full fledged member of the moral community." (Warren) But the genetic sense is in which any member of the species Homo sapiens is a human being. Let us assume that a human being is defined in the moral sense. Noonan only gives genetic evidence to define a fetus as a human therefore the conclusion does not follow.
Custom Essays on Abortion
As Warren points out, Noonan needs to show that fetuses are human beings morally with full and equal rights in order to support his traditional antiabortion argument. Both Warren and I define a human as a fully rational being with a full right to life. Noonan tries to prove that fetuses have experiences at eight weeks because they respond to touch. The problem with this argument is that a fetus is not a rational awake being.
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