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STEP
Questions on information about the Holocaust
1) During what time period did the Holocaust occur?
Custom Essays on THe Holocaust
The period from January 0th 1, when Hitler became the Chancellor of
Germany, to May 8th 145 when the war ended in Europe, is referred to as the
'Holocaust'.
) Add up the numbers in the column "Jews murdered". What is your answer?
In round numbers, how many Jews were murdered in Europe during the
Holocaust?
Austria 40,000
Belgium 40,000
Bulgaria 0
Czechoslovakia 15,000
Denmark 500
Estonia 1,500
Finland 8
France0,000
Germany 170,000
Greece60,000
Holland 105,000
Hungary00,000
Italy 8,000
Latvia 80,000
Lithuania 15,000
Luxembourg700
Norway 760
Poland,850,000
Romania45,000
USSR 1,5,000
Yugoslavia 60,000
Total58, 4, 68
In round numbers, six million Jews were murdered, in Europe, during
Holocaust.
) For Germans, what was the definition of "Jewish"?
According to the Germans the following persons were considered a Jew
Anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish
grandparents who belonged to the Jewish community on September 15,
15 or jointed thereafter; or was married to a Jew or Jewess on September
15, 15 or married one thereafter; or was the offspring of a marriage or
extra-marital liaison with a Jew on or after September 15, 15.
4) When were the first anti-Jewish laws enacted? Briefly summarize them.
The first anti-Jewish laws were enacted during April 1.
April 1, 1 A boycott by Nazis of Jewish shops and businesses.
April 7, 1 Law for the Reestablishment of the Civil Service- All non-
Aryans (anyone with a Jewish parent or grandparent) were expelled from
the civil service. Exceptions were made, in the beginning, for those working
since August 114,German World War I veterans and those who had lost a
father or a son fighting for Germany or her allies in World War I.
April 7, 1 Law Concerning Admission to the Legal Profession- This
Law prohibited the admission of lawyers of non-Aryan descent, to the bar
and denied permission to practice law to non-Aryan already admitted to the
bar.
April , 1 Decree Regarding Physicians' Services with the National
health-Patients that were insured by the national medical insurance and
consulted non-Aryan doctors, would not have expenses reimbursed.
April 5, 1 Law Against the over crowding of German schools-Jewish
enrollment in German high school was restricted to 1.5% .
5) Did the Nazis plan to murder the Jews? Explain.
Although Hitler made distinct references to killing the Jews in both his early
writings and in various speeches during the thirties, it is almost certain that
the Nazis had no plan for the systematic extermination of the Jews until
early 141. The decision on the systematic assassination of the Jews was
made in conjunction with the decision to invade the Soviet Union in late
winter or early spring if 141.
6) Why were the Jews singled out for extermination?
The explanation of the Nazis' ruthless hatred of the Jews rests of their bias
world view which saw history as a struggle. They saw the Jews as a race
whose goal was world domination and were therefore an obstruction to
the Aryan dominance. The viewed it as their duty to eliminate the Jews
whom they considered as a threat.
7) What did the German people know about the persecution of the Jews?
It was common knowledge in Germany that the Jews had disappeared
after they had been sent to the far East. It wasn't clear to a large population of
the Germans as to what had happened to them exactly. On the other hand,
there were thousands of Germans who participated in the Final Solution as
members of the death camp or concentration camp guards, police in
occupied Europe etc;.
8) What did the people in the Free World know about the Nazi treatment of the
Jews? What did they do about it?
The various steps taken by the Nazis prior to the final Solution were all taken
publicly and were therefore reported in the press. In every country that the
Nazis' had occupied, they found many locals who were willing to cooperate
fully in the murder of the Jews. Foreign correspondents reported all major
anti-Jewish actions taken by the Nazis in Germany. After World War II
started it was difficult to obtain information but reports were published
regarding the fate of the Jews. The response of the Allies to the destruction
of European Jewry was inadequate. Only in January 144, was 'The War
Refugee Board' started for the purpose of saving the victims. Prior to this date
Very little action was taken. On December 17, 14, the Allies issued a
condemnation of Nazi atrocities against the Jews but this was the only such
declaration made prior to 144. Therefore it is obvious that the free world did
nothing to stop the extermination of the Jews in Germany.
) Who were the Righteous Among the Nations?
Righteous Among the Nations of Righteous Gentiles is a term used to refer to
those non-Jews who aided the Jews during the Holocaust. There were
Righteous Among the Nations in every country overrun or allied with the
Nazis and their deeds often led to the rescue of Jewish lives.
10) What was the response of the churches to the situation in Germany?
Pope Pius XI was the head of the Catholic Church at the time of the Nazis'
rise to power. Throughout his rein, he limited his concern to Catholic
non-Aryans. He neither mentioned nor criticized anti-Semitism. His successor
was Pius XII (cardinal Pacelli). He was a Germanophile and he too maintained
his neutrality throughout the course of World War II. Although the Vatican
received detailed information about the murder of the Jews as early as 14,
the Pope confined his public statements to expressions of sympathy for the
victims. Although the Pope lacked in response, several papal nuncios played
an important role in the rescuing of the Jews. In Germany the Catholic Church
did not oppose the Nazis campaign. In Western Europe, Catholic clergy spoke
out publicly against the persecution of the Jews and helped in the rescue work.
In countries like Belgium, France, Italy and Holland, priests organized the
rescue of Jews. In Eastern Europe, the Catholic clergy, were however reluctant
to help. The response of the Protestant ad Orthodox churches varied. In
Germany, Nazi supporters within the Protestant Church compiled with the
anti-Jewish legislation. In occupied Europe, the situations again varied. In
several countries like Holland, France, Norway and Denmark, local churches
clergy men issued public protests when the Nazis began deporting Jews. In
other countries like Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, the Orthodox church leaders
took steps which in certain cases led to the rescue of the Jews.
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